The Theban Plays #1–3

The Oedipus Plays of Sophocles

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390 pages, Mass Market Paperback

First published January 1,-0450

Literary awards
Places
thebes

This edition

Format
390 pages, Mass Market Paperback
Published
September 1, 1958 by Signet Books (NY)
ISBN
9780451621603
ASIN
0451621603
Language
English
Characters More characters
  • Antigone

    Antigone

    In Greek mythology, Antigone is a Theban princess, and a character in several ancient Greek tragedies. She is the daughter of Oedipus, king of Thebes. Her mother is Jocasta. In another variation of the myth, her mother is Euryganeia. She is a sister of Po...

  • Ismene

    Ismene

    In Greek mythology, Ismene is a Theban princess. She is the daughter and half-sister of Oedipus, king of Thebes, daughter and granddaughter of Jocasta, and sister of Antigone, Eteocles, and Polynices. She appears in several tragic plays of Sophocles: at t...

  • Oedipus

    Oedipus

    Oedipus was a mythical Greek king of Thebes. A tragic hero in Greek mythology, Oedipus fulfilled a prophecy that he would end up killing his father and marrying his mother, thereby bringing disaster to his city and family.The story of Oedipus is the subje...

  • Odysseus

    Odysseus

    A legendary Greek king of Ithaca and a hero of Homers epic poem the Odyssey. Odysseus also plays a key role in Homers Iliad.Husband of Penelope, father of Telemachus, and son of Laërtes and Anticlea, Odysseus is renowned for his brilliance, gu...

  • Heracles

    Heracles

    Heracles (Ancient Greek: Ἡρακλῆς, Hēraklēs, from Hēra, "Hera", and kleos, "glory"), was a divine hero in Greek mythology, the son of Zeus and Alcmene, foster son of Amphitryon and great-grandson (and half-brother) of Perseus. He was the greatest of the Gr...

  • Philoctetes

    Philoctetes

    Philocthetes, according to Greek mythology, was the son of King Poeas of Meliboea in Thessaly. He was a Greek hero, famed as an archer, and a participant in the Trojan War. Philoctetes is also mentioned in Homers Iliad, Book 2, which describes his e...

About the author

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Sophocles (497/496 BC-406/405 BC), (Greek: Σοφοκλής; German: Sophokles, Russian: Софокл, French: Sophocle) was an ancient Greek tragedian, known as one of three from whom at least one play has survived in full. His first plays were written later than, or contemporary with, those of Aeschylus; and earlier than, or contemporary with, those of Euripides. Sophocles wrote over 120 plays, but only seven have survived in a complete form: Ajax, Antigone, Women of Trachis, Oedipus Rex, Electra, Philoctetes, and Oedipus at Colonus. For almost fifty years, Sophocles was the most celebrated playwright in the dramatic competitions of the city-state of Athens which took place during the religious festivals of the Lenaea and the Dionysia. He competed in thirty competitions, won twenty-four, and was never judged lower than second place. Aeschylus won thirteen competitions, and was sometimes defeated by Sophocles; Euripides won four.
The most famous tragedies of Sophocles feature Oedipus and Antigone: they are generally known as the Theban plays, though each was part of a different tetralogy (the other members of which are now lost). Sophocles influenced the development of drama, most importantly by adding a third actor (attributed to Sophocles by Aristotle; to Aeschylus by Themistius), thereby reducing the importance of the chorus in the presentation of the plot. He also developed his characters to a greater extent than earlier playwrights.


Community Reviews

Rating(4.1 / 5.0, 98 votes)
5 stars
40(41%)
4 stars
28(29%)
3 stars
30(31%)
2 stars
0(0%)
1 stars
0(0%)
98 reviews All reviews
April 25,2025
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Oedipus the King was the first Greek tragedy I read in my life, when I was still of a single-digit school age and not exactly because it was compulsory reading for my class (who wants to inflict uninentional incest on young children, anyhow?). I don't recall how old I was, besides too young, nor the exact circumstances that led me to pick up an "adult" book, but I do recall the copy belonged to an older cousin of mine who was definitely reading it for school, and that I also read Homer's two epics round the same time.

No, I wasn't traumatised. No, I don't recall being grossed out of my young wits by the amount of age-inappropriate content. No, I didn't find the story disturbing at all. No, I didn't have nightmares, and didn't remember the plot for long after.

Yes, it's probably behind my grown-up tolerance for the likes of House Lannister. Ahem!

More seriously, I never read the entire trilogy until now. Mostly because I already knew what was coming after the first play, and that more or less spoilt it for me. But currently I'm on a Big Three Tragedians reading binge, and it was Sophocles' turn. Looking in my shelves, turns out I've hoarded about seven different translations of his plays, from which I selected Robert Fagles as the best of the lot after sample-reading the others (Bagg and Kitto are next for the top three, by the way).

Did I like the two other plays that complete the Oedipan cycle, Oedipus at Colonus and Antigone? Yes! Definitely yes, it's the only trilogy that got 5 stars for all three in a row, despite not being my favourite drama plot. It's too good to rate lower, in my opinion. And seeing the quality, it made me wish Sophocles' complete take on the House of Atreus hadn't been lost.

As a curious observation, there's an interesting little detail here: Sophocles chose to have Oedipus get divine compensation for his tragic fate upon death, by an ending that looked similar to biblical tales of similar tone, and also reminded me somewhat of J. R. R. Tolkien's Túrin, another tragically cursed character also driven to unintentional incest by forces beyond his control. Very interesting! What it is, I won't be telling, just do read it.
April 25,2025
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سه نمایشنامه در یک کتاب با ترجمه درخشان شاهرخ مسکوب. باید اقرار کنم که بسیار شگفت زده شدم. دیالوگ ها فوق العاده درخشان و عمیق بودن. و گیرایی بی نظیر هر سه نمایشنامه که چندان دور از انتظار نبود. میدونستم با یه شاهکار طرفم و واقعا لذت بردم و بسیار آموختم از کتاب.
April 25,2025
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ادیپوس شهریار۳
ادیپوس در کلئوس ۳
آنتیگونه ۵ ♡♡♡♡♡
April 25,2025
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Towering over the rest of greek tragedy, these three plays are among the most enduring and timeless dramas ever written. Robert Fagles' translation conveys all of Sophocles' lucidity and power: the cut and thrust of his dialogue, his ironic edge, the surge and majesty of choruses and, above all, the agonies and triumphs of his characters.

"I know of no better modern English version." -Sir Hugh Llyod-Jones, Oxford University
April 25,2025
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به سختی به این کتاب میتوان 5 نداد. درواقع کتاب بین 4 و 5 حرکت میکند. فرازهای زیادی از کتاب و مقدمه و موخره درخشانش قطعا 5 است اما همین حرکت میان 4 و 5 و به شکل مطلق در اوج نماندن باعث میشود که در مجموع به کتاب 4 ستاره بدهم.
مقدمه شاهرخ مسکوب و به خصوص موخره آندره بونار حقیقتا درخشان بودند. خواندن تراژدی ها قبل و بعد از خواندن مقاله ی بونار تفاوت های جدی ای باهم دارند. "خواندن" نیروهای متضاد هستی و درون وجود انسان از لا به لای سطور نمایشنامه های سوفوکلس شاید تا حدی توضیح دهنده کاری باشد که بونار میکند.
جاهایی از مقاله بونار برای من حتی به شکل نیایشی در می آمد که وجودم را لبریز میکرد..!
April 25,2025
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I really bought this for Antigone, but I read all three. For some reason I find Greek tragedy so much easier to read than Shakespeare. And when Greeks go tragic they hold nothing back
April 25,2025
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در کل فوق العاده بود.
کم و بیش با نمایشنامه اول آشنا بودم و کلا داستان ادیپوس و مخصوصا سرنوشتش توی نمایشنامه اول برام مسخره و غیرقابل قبول بود اما وقتی کامل خوندمش به شدت تحت تاثیر قرار گرفتم مخصوصا با دیالوگ های خود اودیپوس در قسمت های پایانی.
هر سه تا نمایشنامه پایان های به شدت فوق العاده و مو بر تن راست کنی داشتن فقط یه مشکل کوچیک با پایان ادیپوس در کلنوس داشتم که اونم این بود که خیلی دوست داشتم چیزی که ادیپوس به تسئوس نشون میده رو بدونم چیه و تو نمایشنامه بخونمش.
و چه ترجمه ی فوق العاده ای هم هست ترجمه شاهرخ مسکوب قشنگ ترجمه ی جان داریه و نثرش کاملا حس داره، حتی میشه گفت به شدت کوبنده اس.
April 25,2025
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The plays and messages were excellent (I mean how can one go wrong with Sophocles?), but this translation took a nosedive with the last play Antigone. The slang and too modern language (i.e. "blockhead", "I won't take the rap") sounded like dissonant music to my ear. I had to pull out my 1967 Penguin Classic edition from H.S. days to finish this last play. In HS we only read Oedipus Rex, so the Oedipus at Colonus and Antigone were fresh reads for me. If you are looking for a review that discusses the story or a scholarly treatise, you'll have to look elsewhere; there are plenty by better writers than I.
I did have one niggle, as the plays presented in the trilogy are not presented in their chronologically written order, so do I assume the story of Oedipus was already well known to the citizens before Antigone was staged as a play as it already refers to the curse of the house of Oedipus as a few other actions from the other plays.
I also seemed to have missed why Oedipus after unknowingly fulfilling the tragic prophecy from his birth, exiling and blinding himself, yet still showed the same hubris from Oedipus Rex in Oedipus at Colonus, was allowed a death that was near divine.
Antigone was definitely my favorite character and my hats off to Sophocles for developing a strong female character in a male dominated mortal world.
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