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Ivo Andric's epic novel, The Bridge on the Drina represents a stunning compression of various ethnicities, events covering 350 years, shifting political allegiances & changing fashions with an iconic bridge serving at times to span seemingly irreconcilable differences and at other moments to isolate those on opposite sides of the river Drina, primarily focused on the town of Visegrad. It has been said that the erstwhile Yugoslavia was a place with one leader (Tito), two alphabets (Cyrillic & Roman), three religions (Eastern Orthodoxy, Roman-Catholicism & Islam) and a vast array of languages, dialects & ethnicities. (There were also Jews & Roma people.)
This monumentally ambitious novel contains powerful prose and a host of vividly drawn characters, beginning in 1566 just as the Ottoman Empire has decided to build a bridge over the river, "the green & awe-inspiring Drina, a mountain river that often grew angry" and ends in 1914 with the onset of WWI.
The novel commences when a young Serbian boy is captured from his wailing mother by Turkish janissaries & taken off to Istanbul, later to become "a brave officer in the sultan's court, then Great Admiral of the fleet, then the sultan's son-in-law, a general, a Grand Vizier (high official) & a statesman of world renown, Mehmed Pasha Sokolli." Eventually, his latent memory of Visegrad & the Drina causes him to commission a bridge to replace a decrepit & unreliable ferry over the river.
Gradually, the power of the sultans lessens but is replaced not by local control but by the Austro-Hungarian Empire, with new influences & fashions gradually replacing those instilled by the Ottoman Turks. With changing times, the Christians & the area Jews learn to adapt, while the Muslims feel increasingly marginalized by the new era. But "with the changes & ensuing human generations, the bridge remained as unchanged as the waters that flowed beneath it. It did grow old but not in a way that could be seen by the human eye. Its life, though mortal in itself, resembled eternity for its end could not be perceived."
There is a wonderful sequence involving the friendly relationship among Pop Nicola (an Orthodox priest), Mullah Ibrahim, Hussein Effendi (both Muslim) & David Levi (a Jew), four different temperaments each attempting to deal with the Austrian annexation of their town. The gramophone begins to replace the human voice at cafes, a narrow gauge railway is built to connect the town to Sarajevo and the older residents lament the changes but mostly the arrival of foreign administrators, soldiers & others causes an assimilation of new customs in & around Visegrad, with the newcomers changing as well. Andric's novel seems to argue that this ferment or cross-pollination of ideas & cultures represents a force for the good.
There are times when the Andric masterwork seems episodic, covering as it does so much history and including so many characters entering & exiting the reader's consciousness. Andric characterized The Bridge on the Drina as a chronicle rather than a novel. Some have called the book a "non-fiction novel", or a "transcendent historical monologue", or have classified the Andric novel as "a collection of short stories of peasant life held together by a bridge." Indeed, there is no hero or heroine, no single family or dynasty to bind it together. However, I found this epic novel by the Nobel laureate author very much worth reading & even well worth rereading.
This monumentally ambitious novel contains powerful prose and a host of vividly drawn characters, beginning in 1566 just as the Ottoman Empire has decided to build a bridge over the river, "the green & awe-inspiring Drina, a mountain river that often grew angry" and ends in 1914 with the onset of WWI.
The novel commences when a young Serbian boy is captured from his wailing mother by Turkish janissaries & taken off to Istanbul, later to become "a brave officer in the sultan's court, then Great Admiral of the fleet, then the sultan's son-in-law, a general, a Grand Vizier (high official) & a statesman of world renown, Mehmed Pasha Sokolli." Eventually, his latent memory of Visegrad & the Drina causes him to commission a bridge to replace a decrepit & unreliable ferry over the river.
Always the same black pain which cut into his breast with that special childhood pang which was clearly distinguishable from all of the other pains that life had brought him. In one of those moments, he thought that he might be able to free himself from this discomfort if he could do away with that ferry on the distant Drina and bridge the steep banks & evil water between them, join the two ends of the road which was broken by the Drina & thus link safely & forever Bosnia & the East, the place of his origin & the places of his life. Thus, it was he who first, in a single moment behind closed eyelids, saw the graceful silhouette of the great stone bridge which was to be built there.After the monumental bridge with 11 arches + attached caravansary is completed & over the course of many years, the Serbs joust with the Turks for power & dominance but the bridge remains a constant through floods, plagues & insurrections, with the Turks occasionally beheading all opponents & placing their heads on posts at the kapia, the outdoor gathering place with tables & chairs on the bridge, a place that acts as an intersection of people & ideas.
Gradually, the power of the sultans lessens but is replaced not by local control but by the Austro-Hungarian Empire, with new influences & fashions gradually replacing those instilled by the Ottoman Turks. With changing times, the Christians & the area Jews learn to adapt, while the Muslims feel increasingly marginalized by the new era. But "with the changes & ensuing human generations, the bridge remained as unchanged as the waters that flowed beneath it. It did grow old but not in a way that could be seen by the human eye. Its life, though mortal in itself, resembled eternity for its end could not be perceived."
There is a wonderful sequence involving the friendly relationship among Pop Nicola (an Orthodox priest), Mullah Ibrahim, Hussein Effendi (both Muslim) & David Levi (a Jew), four different temperaments each attempting to deal with the Austrian annexation of their town. The gramophone begins to replace the human voice at cafes, a narrow gauge railway is built to connect the town to Sarajevo and the older residents lament the changes but mostly the arrival of foreign administrators, soldiers & others causes an assimilation of new customs in & around Visegrad, with the newcomers changing as well. Andric's novel seems to argue that this ferment or cross-pollination of ideas & cultures represents a force for the good.
Every human generation has its own illusions with regard to civilization; some believe that they are taking part in an upsurge, others that they are witnessing its extinction. In fact, it always both flames up & smolders and is extinguished, according to the place & the angle of view.The bridge is of course a metaphor as well as a causeway but there are periods when even the magnificent pathway over the Drina can't suffice to prevent a collision of forces that render the bridge impassable, moments when "the bridge no longer linked the two banks and every man had to remain on the side where he happened to be at that moment." With the onset of WWI, Serbs & Austrian forces blast each other's sides & the great stone bridge separating them.
This generation was richer only in illusions; in every other way it was similar to any other. It had the feeling of both lighting the fires of a new civilization & extinguishing the last flickers of another. Everything appeared as an exciting new game on that ancient bridge, which shone in the moonlight of those July nights, clean, young & unalterable, strong & lovely in its perfection, stronger than all that time might bring and men imagine or do.
There are times when the Andric masterwork seems episodic, covering as it does so much history and including so many characters entering & exiting the reader's consciousness. Andric characterized The Bridge on the Drina as a chronicle rather than a novel. Some have called the book a "non-fiction novel", or a "transcendent historical monologue", or have classified the Andric novel as "a collection of short stories of peasant life held together by a bridge." Indeed, there is no hero or heroine, no single family or dynasty to bind it together. However, I found this epic novel by the Nobel laureate author very much worth reading & even well worth rereading.