Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead

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Hamlet told from the worm's-eye view of two minor characters, bewildered Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Echoes of Waiting for Godot resound, reality and illusion mix, and where fate leads heroes to a tragic but inevitable end.

172 pages, Perfect Paperback

First published May 1,1967

This edition

Format
172 pages, Perfect Paperback
Published
January 31, 1998 by Reclam, Ditzingen
ISBN
9783150091852
ASIN
3150091853
Language
German
Characters More characters
  • Horatio

    Horatio

    Horatio is a character in William Shakespeares tragedy Hamlet.He was present on the field when King Hamlet (the father of the main character, Prince Hamlet) defeated Fortinbras (the king of Norway), and he has travelled to court from the University ...

  • Polonius

    Polonius

    Polonius is a character in William Shakespeares play Hamlet. He is chief counsellor of the plays ultimate villain, Claudius, and the father of Laertes and Ophelia. Generally regarded as wrong in every judgment he makes over the course of the p...

  • Laertes

    Laertes

    Laertes is a character in William Shakespeares play Hamlet. Laertes is the son of Polonius and the brother of Ophelia. In the final scene, he mortally stabs Hamlet with a poison-tipped sword to avenge the deaths of his father and sister, for which h...

  • Rosencrantz and Guildenstern
  • Claudius, King of Denmark
  • Gertrude

    Gertrude

    In William Shakespeares play Hamlet, Gertrude is Hamlets mother and Queen of Denmark. Her relationship with Hamlet is somewhat turbulent, since he resents her marrying her husbands brother Claudius after he murdered the king (young Hamle...

About the author

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Sir Tom Stoppard is a Czech-born British playwright and screenwriter. He has written for film, radio, stage, and television, finding prominence with plays. His work covers the themes of human rights, censorship, and political freedom, often delving into the deeper philosophical thematics of society. Stoppard has been a playwright of the National Theatre and is one of the most internationally performed dramatists of his generation. He was knighted for his contribution to theatre by Queen Elizabeth II in 1997.
Born in Czechoslovakia, Stoppard left as a child refugee, fleeing imminent Nazi occupation. He settled with his family in Britain after the war, in 1946, having spent the previous three years (1943–1946) in a boarding school in Darjeeling in the Indian Himalayas. After being educated at schools in Nottingham and Yorkshire, Stoppard became a journalist, a drama critic and then, in 1960, a playwright.
Stoppard's most prominent plays include Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead (1966), Jumpers (1972), Travesties (1974), Night and Day (1978), The Real Thing (1982), Arcadia (1993), The Invention of Love (1997), The Coast of Utopia (2002), Rock 'n' Roll (2006) and Leopoldstadt (2020). He wrote the screenplays for Brazil (1985), Empire of the Sun (1987), The Russia House (1990), Billy Bathgate (1991), Shakespeare in Love (1998), Enigma (2001), and Anna Karenina (2012), as well as the HBO limited series Parade's End (2013). He directed the film Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead (1990), an adaptation of his own 1966 play, with Gary Oldman and Tim Roth as the leads.
He has received numerous awards and honours including an Academy Award, a Laurence Olivier Award, and five Tony Awards. In 2008, The Daily Telegraph ranked him number 11 in their list of the "100 most powerful people in British culture". It was announced in June 2019 that Stoppard had written a new play, Leopoldstadt, set in the Jewish community of early 20th-century Vienna. The play premiered in January 2020 at Wyndham's Theatre. The play went on to win the Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play and later the 2022 Tony Award for Best Play.


Community Reviews

Rating(3.9 / 5.0, 99 votes)
5 stars
29(29%)
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3 stars
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99 reviews All reviews
April 17,2025
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Update (31 March 2024):

Just watched a live performance of this play in Toronto, with the lead roles played by Dominic Monaghan and Billy Boyd (Merry & Pippin from Lord of the Rings!), and I have decided to update my rating to 5 stars. This is a brilliant play, all the more so because Tom Stoppard wrote it when he was 29. Watching the play being performed brought out nuances that escaped me when reading it on the page.

Some additional thoughts:
- Truth is a matter of agreement and trust, not verifiability, because it is rooted in observations that are ultimately subjective.
- Language obscures as much as it reveals. Language can either be a garden exhibiting a profusion of delights and beauties, or a casket which seals them shut/entombs them from the naked eye forever.
- Life/art imitates art/life imitates life/art...in an eternal chain...
- Our actions are driven not by conscious choice, but by passion, desire and attachment. Only a few of us ever manage to tame these to live consciously, and even are at the mercy of forces and events we can do nought but respond to. If the world is a wave, each man is born at a different height of the crest, to differing levels of clarity. Some of us are born to be lead characters, and others extras. But the faith we place on the written and spoken word is immense. Ultimately we all want to believe or accept that things are proceeding a certain way for a certain reason, because it brings us relief.
- All that we do - art, scientific reasoning, religion - is but a response to and an attempt to rationalize the fear of death.
- A single word or timing of chance and circumstance can seal our fate.

--

Quotes from the play: https://www.goodreads.com/work/quotes...

A rambling satire about the alchemy of time and chance, probability and determinism, destiny and free will, morality and hypocrisy, and the struggle to find truth and beauty amidst society's cruelties and injustices.

Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are minor characters from Shakespeare's Hamlet, sent on a quest that proves to be their doom. In this play, Stoppard attempts to weave a profound exploration of life and existence out their brief appearance.

While Rosencrantz and Guildenstern can sense that they are part of something bigger that they can't fully see and haven't been told about, they lack the courage and imagination to do anything about it, to break out of the grip of what feels like destiny. Character indeed turns out to be fate. Even when presented with a warning of what might befall them, they fail to see the message. They see and discuss everything but the obvious. Neither Rosencrantz, for all his slippery guile, nor Guildenstern, for his sincerity and tendency to over-analyze, are able to determine the wider context and trajectory of the seemingly absurd events unfolding around them. On several occasions, they sense an ending coming but fail to realize its full import.

Perhaps this play is meant a satire on the plight of the marginalized who are usually excluded from the grand narratives of history and opportunities to shape society, by way of R and G's confusion at not knowing the full extent of the forces that shape, toss, turn and ultimately extinguish their lives.

Or maybe it's about hierarchy and exploitation: R and G exploit the minor characters in their play as much as they themselves are exploited by the major characters in Hamlet. But while Rosencrantz remains cheerfully dense and self-involved throughout, it is only Guildenstern who comes to appreciate the fragility of life when his own life is forfeit.

Maybe it is also a sideways satire of the acting profession itself: how it attempts to recreate the dramas and deep rhythms of life, but in attempting to pay homage to it in recreation, also parodies it and makes a mockery of its attempted seriousness. Human beings need an audience to feel alive and on their best behavior, and so perhaps that's why they invented religion and the performing arts.

To fully appreciate this play, it helps to be familiar with the plot of Hamlet. But I guess postmodern plays may not be for me. Like Waiting For Godot, I found hard to stay interested, with only the knowledge that this is a classic keeping me going. The absurd, seemingly meaningless dialogue belies a profundity that is not easily discernable in a first reading, but it does bring to mind Wittgenstein's rants about the vagaries and imprecisions of language: that nobody ever really knows if we're speaking the same language to one other and truly understanding each other, or just associating meaning to sounds and riding off the consistency of constant conjunctions between word and response that we observe in the world.

Either way, not the easiest or most interesting read, but it does have its moments of clarity, pathos and profundity.
April 17,2025
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I find it really hard to rate plays since they're not supposed to be read, but rather be seen. I feel bad giving this only 3 stars since I may love it if I see it on stage. I have a feeling that this play would be very good on stage, I mean, it is critically acclaimed, I just didn't love it when I read it.

I'm actually sad that I didn't get to study this when I was in high school. I'm okay at analyzing books by myself, but I'm awful at analyzing plays. It would have been very useful to have someone explaining the themes of the play to me. I probably would have appreciated the play a bit more.

Even though I didn't love the play, I will say that it had its moments. There were a few scenes where I audibly laughed out loud. It was also interesting to see how Hamlet played out from Ros an Guil's perspective. They literally had no clue what was going on for the entire play
April 17,2025
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Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, 1966, Tom Stoppard

An ambassador from England arrives on the scene to bluntly report "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are dead" (Hamlet. Act V, Scene II, line 411); they join the stabbed, poisoned and drowned key characters. By the end of Hamlet, Horatio is the only main figure left alive.

تاریخ نخستین خوانش روز هفتم ماه جولای سال 2016میلادی

عنوان: روزن‍ک‍ران‍ت‍ز و گ‍ی‍ل‍دن‍س‍ت‍رن‌ م‍رده‌ان‍د؛ نویسنده: ت‍ام‌ اس‍ت‍اپ‍ارد؛ مت‍رج‍م‌ م‍ص‍طف‍ی‌ اس‍لام‍ی‍ه‌؛ تهران، نیلوفر، 1381؛ در 144ص؛ شابک 9644481828؛ موضوع نمایشنامه های نویسندگان بریتانیایی - سده 20م

روزنکرانتز و گیلدنسترن مرده ‌اند؛ عنوان نمایشنامه و فیلمی کمدی-درام، نوشته ی «تام استاپارد» است؛ نمایشنامه، دو شخصیت فرعی نمایش «هملت»، اثر «ویلیام شکسپیر» را پی می‌گیرد، آنها که خودشان را در مسیر« قلعه الزینور» می‌یابند؛ پیش از رسیدن به قلعه، آن‌ها با گروهی از بازیگران، برخورد می‌کنند، و دربارهٔ فلسفه ی وجودشان، پرسشهایی برایشان پیش می‌آید؛ فیلم برنده جایزه «شیر طلایی» چهل و هفتمین دوره جشنواره فیلم «ونیز» شده است این اثر، یکی از ماندگارترین و پر اجرا شده ترین نمایشنامه ها در تئاتر معاصر است، و توانسته به جایگاهی ثابت در میان برترین آثار نمایشی دست یابد؛ این شاهکار مدرن، در دنیای نمایشنامه ی «هملت» اثر «شکسپیر» میگذرد اما توسط شخصیتهایی سردرگم و ره گم کرده روایت میشود که در داستان اصلی «شکسپیر»، کاراکترهایی فرعی بودند؛ «روزنکرانتز» و «گیلدنسترن» در این اثر به یاد ماندنی، بالاخره فرصت پیدا میکنند، تا نقش اصلی را بر دوش بگیرند، اما باید آن کار را در جهانی به انجام برسانند، که بسیار یادآور نمایشنامه ی «در انتظار گودو» اثر «ساموئل بکت» باشد؛ در جهانی که واقعیت و وهم در هم میآمیزند و سرنوشت، دو قهرمان داستان را، به سوی پایانی تراژیک اما غیرقابل اجتناب هدایت میکنند

گاه خوانشگری دست بالا میزند، و برایم مینگارد، که چرا، این فراموشکار در ریویوهایم دیدگاه خویش را، درباره ی کتاب و داستان نمینویسم؟؛ راستش را بخواهید، قضاوت کردن درباره نویسندگانی که عمر خویش را، با واژه ها بگذرانیده اند، کار آسانی نیست؛ اگر از خوانش کتابی مشکلی به دیده ام بنشیند، شاید در متن اصلی کتاب، آن مشکل نباشد؛ ولی هر کتابی هماره برایم، جهانی نو را باز میگشاید، و هماره خوانش واژه ها، دلم را به تپش وامیدارد؛ هر چند این روزها، بیشتر از پیش، خشکیده ام، و تپشی در کار نیست؛ هیچ اندرزی را، به فرزندان خویش نیز، نمیگویم؛ چون: «زندگی آتشگهی دیرنده پا برجاست؛ گر بیفروزیش، رقص شعله اش در هر کران پیداست»؛ پس هر کدام از ما باید خود زندگی کنیم؛ و از زندگی خویشتن خویش پاسخ رازها را بیاموزیم؛ جهان به گستردگی بینش مردمان بگذشته ها و امروزیان و آیندگان نیز هست

تاریخ بهنگام رسانی 27/12/1399هجری خورشیدی؛ ا. شربیانی
April 17,2025
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Description: Hamlet told from the worm's-eye view of two minor characters, bewildered Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Echoes of Waiting for Godot resound, reality and illusion mix, and where fate leads heroes to a tragic but inevitable end.

A revisit via youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T4SVV...



Youtube is handy but in this case I crave the DVD to play on the eight foot screen.


HEADS HEADS HEADS HEADS HEADS HEADS HEADS HEADS HEADS etc. etc.
April 17,2025
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This was the play that put Tom Stoppard on the map, where he has been ever since. I remember one of my high school English teachers laughing as she told us about it in Shakespeare class. This is a lively, sharp, hilarious send-up that focuses on two minor characters from "Hamlet" and retells the story from their point of view.

Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are supposedly old buddies of Hamlet's from way back. They are enjoined by King Claudius to keep an eye on his errant stepson and try to figure out what is troubling him, a task which they are not up to. This play focuses almost entirely on them, and Stoppard presents them as a couple of comic goofballs who go around flipping coins, making dumb jokes, and being generally useless. It is fun and games, but the humor occasionally strikes an oddly philosophical note. It seems safe to say that "Waiting for Godot" was an influence.

Stoppard works into the play (or builds the play around) actual scenes from "Hamlet." Some of his interpretations of Shakespeare are a hoot, such as when Hamlet, just using hesitation and not altering the words of the bard, fails to recognize which one is Rosencrantz and which is Guildenstern. The play takes off into strange territory in the final scene, wherein the two protagonists find themselves on a boat to England with Hamlet in their charge, and more twists and turns on the way. In Shakespeare's version, Hamlet never boards the ship, and Ros and Guil simply disappear from the narrative. This is a very clever and enjoyable bit of post-modern(?) theatre.
April 17,2025
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Rosencrantz & Guildenstern are dead......then why write a 93 page play about them? I get it, it was the 60's people were high and found most things intellectually amusing, witty and necessarily redundant in an avante-garde sort of way. But seriously why? I found the play dragged and it didnt make me laugh.

My advice only read this book if you are a hipster as it is much easier to roll a copy of this up and cram into the back pocket of your skinny jeans than a copy of A Confederacy of Dunces.
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