Twelfth Night

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The Arden Shakespeare is the established edition of Shakespeare's work. Justly celebrated for its authoritative scholarship and invaluable commentary, Arden guides you a richer understanding and appreciation of Shakespeare's plays. This edition of Twelfth Night provides, a clear and authoritative text, detailed notes and commentary on the same page as the text, a full introduction discussing the critical and historical background to the play and appendices presenting sources and relevant extracts.

449 pages, Paperback

First published January 1,1602

This edition

Format
449 pages, Paperback
Published
September 18, 1975 by Arden
ISBN
9781904271154
ASIN
1904271154
Language
English
Characters More characters
  • Viola

    Viola

    Viola is the central character in Shakespeares play, Twelfth Night. She is washed up on a beach in Illyria after losing her twin brother in a shipwreck. She disguises herself as a boy, gives herself the name Cesario and finds employment with Duke Orsino, ...

  • Duke Orsino

    Duke Orsino

    Duke Orsino is the noble Duke of Illyria. He is a powerful nobleman who is trustworthy and kind to everyone he meets. As a bachelor, Orsino is in love with the beautiful Lady Olivia, and he constantly compares his love for her with music. Duke Orsino is a...

  • Sebastian

    Sebastian

    Sebastian is the twin brother of Viola. After the beginning of the play, Viola mentions that her brother Sebastian is drowned in the sea....

  • Sir Toby Belch

    Sir Toby Belch

    Sir Toby Belch is Olivias boisterous and disreputable uncle. With his love of drinking and practical jokes, he embodies the revelrous and chaotic spirit of Twelfth Night. His surname Belch is indicative of the comical and often crude role he occupies with...

  • Malvolio

    Malvolio

    Malvolio initially seems to be a minor character, and his humiliation seems little more than an amusing subplot to the Viola-Olivia-Orsino love triangle. But he becomes more interesting as the play progresses, and most critics have judged him one of the m...

  • Sir Andrew Aguecheek

    Sir Andrew Aguecheek

    A friend of Sir Tobys. Sir Andrew Aguecheek attempts to court Olivia, but he doesnt stand a chance. He thinks that he is witty, brave, young, and good at languages and dancing, but he is actually an idiot....

About the author

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William Shakespeare was an English playwright, poet, and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon" (or simply "the Bard"). His extant works, including collaborations, consist of some 39 plays, 154 sonnets, three long narrative poems, and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorship. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright. Shakespeare remains arguably the most influential writer in the English language, and his works continue to be studied and reinterpreted.
Shakespeare was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire. At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. Sometime between 1585 and 1592, he began a successful career in London as an actor, writer, and part-owner ("sharer") of a playing company called the Lord Chamberlain's Men, later known as the King's Men after the ascension of King James VI and I of Scotland to the English throne. At age 49 (around 1613), he appears to have retired to Stratford, where he died three years later. Few records of Shakespeare's private life survive; this has stimulated considerable speculation about such matters as his physical appearance, his sexuality, his religious beliefs, and even certain fringe theories as to whether the works attributed to him were written by others.
Shakespeare produced most of his known works between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were primarily comedies and histories and are regarded as some of the best works produced in these genres. He then wrote mainly tragedies until 1608, among them Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth, all considered to be among the finest works in the English language. In the last phase of his life, he wrote tragicomedies (also known as romances) and collaborated with other playwrights.
Many of Shakespeare's plays were published in editions of varying quality and accuracy during his lifetime. However, in 1623, John Heminge and Henry Condell, two fellow actors and friends of Shakespeare's, published a more definitive text known as the First Folio, a posthumous collected edition of Shakespeare's dramatic works that includes 36 of his plays. Its Preface was a prescient poem by Ben Jonson, a former rival of Shakespeare, that hailed Shakespeare with the now famous epithet: "not of an age, but for all time".


Community Reviews

Rating(4.1 / 5.0, 98 votes)
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98 reviews All reviews
July 15,2025
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Some of these people, my gosh, Janelle Monae and Frank Ocean and Emma Gonzalez, they seem to have moved altogether past gender, right? Oh brave new world. And here's Shakespeare, who once again is meeting us in the future.

Let’s get to it: in Elizabethan times, female parts on the stage were played by men, so we’re starting with cross-dressing. Shakespeare was inspired and amused by this, and he often plays with it. Twelfth Night is the best example, and one of his most enduring comedies. Here’s how it goes: Viola, played by a man, disguises herself as a man. As a man she tries to woo Olivia for this guy Orsino. She falls in love with Orsino herself. Of course, Olivia falls in love with Man Viola. But there’s a real Man Viola - Viola’s lost brother Sebastian - whom Olivia meets later and mistakes for Man Viola, and who's played by the same guy anyway.

"An apple cleft in two is not more twin
Than these two creatures."

So we're running, what, four levels deep? Man plays woman plays man mistaken for another man who actually exists. Meanwhile Orsino has fallen for Viola even though he thinks she's a man:

Diana's lip
Is not more smooth and rubious, thy small pipe
Is as the maiden's organ, shrill and sound,
And all is semblative a woman's part,"
he says to her. In the end Olivia and the brother get married, and so do Viola and Orsino. All is well.

I know! "This is to give a dog and in recompense desire my dog again." Shakespeare seems indifferent to gender in ways we’re only starting to catch up with now. Here’s his famous 20th Sonnet:

A woman’s face, with nature’s own hand painted,
Hast thou, the master-mistress of my passion;
A woman’s gentle heart, but not acquainted
With shifting change, as is false women’s fashion;
An eye more bright than theirs, less false in rolling,
Gilding the object whereupon it gazeth;
A man in hue, all hues in his controlling,
Which steals men’s eyes and women’s souls amazeth.
And for a woman wert thou first created,
Till nature as she wrought thee fell a-doting,
And by addition me of thee defeated,
By adding one thing to my purpose nothing.
  But since she pricked thee out for women’s pleasure,
  Mine be thy love, and thy love’s use their treasure.

Here again, he seems to talk about love above gender. Shakespeare’s identity, sexual and physically, has been in question for ages; he’s a trickster and he’s a genius, and we’re collectively in a bit of a tizzy about it.

I have no horse in this race. I like the world weird. It's the future now, and some brave new vanguard of us are wiggling into some kind of post gender, post sexual orientation kind of situation. And here we are with hoary old Shakespeare, who seems to have beaten us to it, doesn't he? Plays like this will of course end traditionally, with everyone heteropaired off. But in between there's a confusion of flirting; anything seems possible. Dude Viola, pretending to make Orsino's case to Olivia, is clearly flirting with her instead. In the end they'll all marry people of the opposite gender - but not really, since they're all men up on that stage. The play is still happening.

I’ve been spending all this time talking about gender politics and I’ve forgotten to talk about the play. Will you like it? Sortof. The problem with Shakespeare's comedies is that they employ a lot of puns and wordplay, and that exposes our unfamiliarity with Shakespeare's words. There are these long scenes with people giggling about back-tricks and codding, and you just don't understand a word of it.

Toby: What is thy excellence in a galliard, knight?
Andrew: Faith, I can cut a caper.
Toby: And I can cut the mutton to't.

What the fuck is that? Who cares? There's a sub plot involving Toby, Andrew, Maria and Malvolio that should be entirely ignored. It's Shakespeare at his most impenetrable. The only fun part of it is, we get this famous quote: "Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them." Fun to see Shakespeare, here at the peak of his powers, just throwing shit around; these are immortal lines that've inspired countless dumb tattoos and dumber political speeches, and they come from a fake letter in a shitty subplot in a comedy. (And for that matter, they are considerably more dick-joke-oriented than these college students and politicians probably had in mind. Greatness! Thrust!)

Act III is almost totally lost to this nonsense. But this gender-bending shit - I want to be serious for a hot minute here. Shakespeare’s tragedies are more accessible than his comedies. This comedy, I like for its gender politics mostly. I’m a cis man. I was born a straight white man and that’s worked out great for me and I’ve never really had to debate anything. (I had sex with a guy once to see what it was like, don’t get me wrong, but let’s not confuse tourism with life.) To live in a world where people get to question and, if necessary, redefine their genders, or even discard the word - that makes the world richer for me. There are more stories. I don’t think it’s meaningless to have support from the best writer in the history of the planet. Here's what makes Shakespeare great: wherever humans find ourselves, we find him somehow there ahead of us.

He has explored the complex and often fluid nature of gender and sexuality in his works, long before it became a mainstream topic of discussion. His plays offer a rich tapestry of characters and relationships that challenge our traditional notions of gender and love. In Twelfth Night, for example, the cross-dressing and mistaken identities create a humorous and yet thought-provoking exploration of the blurring of gender boundaries.

Shakespeare's ability to capture the essence of human nature and the intricacies of human relationships is what makes his works timeless. His plays continue to resonate with audiences today, even as our understanding of gender and sexuality has evolved. Whether we are cisgender or transgender, straight or queer, we can all find something in Shakespeare's works that speaks to our own experiences and emotions.

In conclusion, Shakespeare's plays are not just historical artifacts; they are living works of art that have the power to inspire, educate, and challenge us. His exploration of gender and sexuality is just one aspect of his genius, but it is an important one that continues to shape our understanding of these complex issues. As we move forward into the future, we would do well to remember the lessons that Shakespeare has taught us and to continue to explore the rich and diverse world of human experience that he so vividly描绘.
July 15,2025
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No-fear Shakespeare!!

This is truly an amazing site. It presents the actual text of Shakespeare's works and a modern-day translation side by side. The link is -> http://nfs.sparknotes.com/

I'm not sure why I even began reading this when I was completely certain it would bore me to death. However, No Fear Shakespeare made the entire reading process phenomenally more tolerable. I have always had a greater liking for Shakespearean tragedies compared to his comedies (though comedy is my favorite genre in general). Understandably, Twelfth Night was not well received by me. Of course, one must consider that Shakespeare's plays are intended to be "seen" rather than "read". But still, just how boring can a piece of literature be? The answer is: VERY.

There were, however, a few scenes that managed to make me giggle, so I guess it wasn't all bad. I give it 2 stars.
July 15,2025
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2023 reread:

Our cast is truly fantastic, and I find myself eagerly anticipating the opportunity to bring this brilliant script to life. The pun on "understand" remains my absolute favorite element. Sir Toby and Maria personify raucous fun, while Feste showcases a razor-sharp wit. Malvolio's over-the-top dramatics have us all in stitches, laughing until we cry. Viola is charmingly earnest, and Olivia exudes regality. Here I am, four years later, still completely invested in the relationship between Sebastian and Antonio.


Original review, January 2019:

Excellent. And so delightfully clever with its puns! I wasn't quite expecting that (although I'm not sure why - after all, this is Shakespeare, the mastermind behind the HILARIOUS Act I of Romeo & Juliet). I mean, he actually made a pun on the word "understand". Who else could do that? It's truly amazing.


The resolution in Act 5 was neatly and efficiently tied up. Sidenote: It seems that W Shakes has a penchant for resolving things with double weddings - didn't the same occur in Much Ado, among other plays?


And despite being cast as the villain, I didn't observe a great deal of treachery in Malvolio. The guy simply appeared to have different priorities than the others, which, apparently, is a valid reason to be mocked tortured and whatnot.


I'm definitely shipping Sebastian/Antonio. Hopefully, Olivia won't mind when Sebastian smuggles his guy into the house.


I would have finished this much sooner if Michelle Obama hadn't made an appearance, but #NoRegrets.


The Fool's wordplay and the wordplay in general were outstanding. Well done, I say!

July 15,2025
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On the vast sea off the coast of Illyria, a terrible shipwreck occurs. Viola and a ship's Captain manage to be washed ashore. Sadly, Viola believes that her twin brother, Sebastian, has drowned. For the sake of safety, Viola decides to disguise herself as a young man and enters the service of the Duke of Orsino.

Orsino is deeply in love with the Countess Olivia, who is mourning the recent deaths of her father and brother. In honor of their memory, she has sworn to reject the company of men for seven years. However, when the disguised Viola delivers a love letter from Orsino to the Countess, something unexpected happens. The Countess falls in love with the "young man," and thus, a charming and complicated amorous imbroglio begins.

TWELFTH NIGHT contains all the elements one would expect in a romance. There is a shipwreck, disguises and mistaken identities, a young girl in distress, a convoluted plot with a series of intertwined love stories, the gulling of a fool, humor, wit, and the final recognition scene. It is a play that shows people trapped by their illusions, victims of deceit and their own folly. The characters seem unable to understand their own emotions, and it is significant to note that all the characters who are victims of deception learn nothing from the experience. They remain unchanged, self-indulgent egotists, easily shifting their "love" from one object to another.

TWELFTH NIGHT is a gay and lively play that explores how people often deceive themselves and the difficulty of truly acknowledging the truth about oneself. We may laugh at the deluded characters in this play, but it is also possible to see ourselves in them because deep down, we know that real self-awareness is not easy to achieve or maintain.
July 15,2025
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The Venn Diagram of Understanding Relationships in the Play

The yellow circle represents women, and the blue circle represents men. The square represents family relationships. The flash indicates who loves whom or who is loved by whom.

What's the story in Shakespeare's Twelfth Night? The best way I can describe it is by drawing this diagram. Because the love triangle and square illustrate the intensity of the ups and downs of the relationships in this story.

Twelfth Night is a play full of "excesses." There is a lot of self-shifting, a lot of questioning, a lot of (illusory) love, a lot of humor, and a lot of folly. Here, it seems that everything rebels to reveal its true nature.

Twelfth Night is about the wrong appearance. Both the appearance of people and the appearance of words. This is a concept that was also emphasized in Macbeth, and here it is examined with a comical gaze. Here, it is difficult to distinguish between men and women, the truth of words, and even to distinguish people from each other.

Reading it was a common but enjoyable experience. Listening to it increased the sense of comedy and made it more interesting. I think, however, that this play is one of those whose main attraction lies in seeing it. The chaos of the scenes and the switching between genders must be a sight to behold. Especially in Shakespeare's time when all the actors were men and women did not have the right to act, how strange and interesting it must have been to see a man playing a female role who was playing a male role.

You can download the book and its audio versions from here: Maede's Books

31/4/1403
July 15,2025
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From the most diverse Shakespearean shows!

A show that has brought human characteristics into writing with a satirical state.

Translation by Hamid Elyasi

Published in 1390

223 pages

The literary translation was difficult and in some cases, the connection was cut off. The connection with the characters was difficult and I only advanced with the plot of the story. It is better to also try another translation.
July 15,2025
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Comedies have never been my top choices among Shakespeare's works. However, this particular one was a rather enjoyable read for Yule.

It had a touch of silliness and nonsense, which actually made it quite fanciful and appealing to me. To be honest, Shakespeare is one of those things where I firmly believe that it is infinitely better experienced through performance rather than just reading, especially when it comes to the comedies.

I had to choose between Twelfth Night and A Winter's Tale, and I went with this one. I guess I'll save A Winter's Tale for next Yule and finally get around to reading the bloodbath that is Titus Andronicus.

Onwards! Let's see what other literary adventures await.
July 15,2025
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Score one for androgyny and desire.

"Twelfth Night" is like a captivating blend. It's as if "She’s The Man" with Amanda Bynes had a different start, beginning with a shipwreck. And instead of Channing Tatum being a soccer captain named Duke, he was an actual duke. Of course, this is just a fun comparison. In reality, the film is a modern retelling of Shakespeare's romantic comedy.

For those who are new to it, the story follows siblings Sebastian and Viola, who are separated by a storm. Viola disguises herself as a page boy in the service of Duke Orsino, who is in love with Olivia. But Viola loves Orsino, and Olivia loves Cesario, who is actually Viola. It might seem a bit complicated, but it's actually quite simple.

Now, throw in some comical subplots, like making Malvolio believe that Olivia is in love with him. And we have a proper sexy story. As Shakespeare said, “If music be the food of love, play on.” Let's proceed onward!

“Dost thou think, because thou art virtuous, there shall be no more cakes and ale?”

Bring on the cakes and don't spare the ales because this play is a riotous exploration of gender, disguises, and the roles we play. Shakespeare uses the act of disguising for multiple purposes. Viola's disguise as Cesario is a fascinating look at gender fluidity and queer desires, especially for a modern audience.

Vita Sackville-West, who would dress in men's clothing and go by the name Julian to escort her lover Violet around Paris, was inspired by this play. She named the protagonists of her novel "The Edwardians" Sebastian and Viola for this very reason.

“If this were play'd upon a stage now, I could condemn it as an improbable fiction.”

The act of taking on a disguise functions on several layers. It can be an acknowledgement of oneself in the form of a role, all the way to a metafictional level. Viola's response when asked if she is a comedian, “I am not that I play,” is a witty nod to her role as Cesario.

The idea of Viola playing a man is also subversive, as it challenges the notion that women's roles were often filled by men. And we also have Shakespeare showing us characters who are unwittingly playing a role, like Orsino's farcical language of love.

“Be not afraid of greatness. Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and others have greatness thrust upon them.”

"Twelfth Night" is a romcom of gender bending and love triangles, delivered in true Shakespearean style. It's a total delight that continues to captivate audiences with its wit, charm, and exploration of complex themes.
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