The Brothers Karamazov #1-2

The Brothers Karamazov

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Fyodor Dostoevsky's crowning life work, The Brothers Karamazov, stands among the greatest novels in world literature. His exploration of faith, doubt, morality, and the place of suffering in life are equaled in no other work of literature, save the Bible. // The book explores the possible role of four brothers in the unresolved murder of their father, Fyodor Karamazov. At the same, it carefully explores the personalities and inclinations of the brothers themselves. Their psyches together represent the full spectrum of human nature, and continuum of faith and doubt. Ultimately this novel seeks to understand the real meaning of existence and includes much beneficial philosophical and spiritual discussion that moves the reader towards faith. // This new abridgment done exclusively for Hovel Audio by Russian Studies scholar Thomas Beyer keeps the important religious themes of the novel intact. It is an excellent way for the admirer of Dostoevsky to refresh himself, or to introduce Dostoevsky to a friend who has yet to experience the joy of reading his works. // Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821-1881) writes with a passion and keen insight of biblical grace like no other modern novelist. His works Crime and Punishment and The Idiot testify to his great skill. The Brothers Karamazov has been hailed by readers for over a century as one of the finest achievements in all of western literature. // Thomas R. Beyer is Professor of Russion at Middlebury College in Vermont. He holds three degrees in Slavic Literature including a Ph.D. from the University of Kansas. In his decades of teaching, Tom Beyer has read The Brothers Karamazov dozens of times. His abridgment of the novel for Hovel Audio shows his thorough knowledge of his subject.

16 pages, Audiobook

First published January 1,1880

Places
russia

This edition

Format
16 pages, Audiobook
Published
May 1, 2005 by Hovel Audio
ISBN
9781596440791
ASIN
1596440791
Language
English
Characters More characters
  • Dmitri Fyodorovich Karamazov

    Dmitri Fyodorovich Karamazov

    Dmitri is 28 years old, Fyodors eldest son and the only offspring of his first marriage. Dmitri is a sensualist much like his father, and the two mens personalities often clash. Dmitri spends large amounts of money on nights filled with plenty...

  • Ivan Fyodorovich Karamazov

    Ivan Fyodorovich Karamazov

    Ivan is the middle son and first by Fyodors second marriage. He is a 24-year-old rationalist, disturbed especially by the apparently senseless suffering in the world, depicted as highly intelligent. He says to Alyosha in the chapter "Rebellion" (Bk....

  • Alexei Fyodorovich Karamazov

    Alexei Fyodorovich Karamazov

    Aleksey at age 20 is the youngest of the Karamazov brothers. The narrator identifies him as the hero of the novel in the opening chapter (as does the author in the preface). He is described as immensely likable.At the outset of the events, Alyosha is a no...

  • Pavel Smerdyakov

    Pavel Smerdyakov

    Smerdyakov was born of "Stinking Lizaveta", a mute woman of the street who died in childbirth. He was called "Son of the reeking one". He is widely rumored to be the illegitimate son of Fyodor Karamazov. He grows up in the Karamazov house as a...

  • Agrafena Alexandrovna Svetlova

    Agrafena Alexandrovna Svetlova

    Variously called Grushenka, Grusha, and Grushka, Agrafena Alexandrovna, a beautiful 22-year-old, is the local Jezebel and has an uncanny charm among men. She was jilted by a Polish officer in her youth and came under the protection of a tyrannical miser. ...

  • Katerina Ivanovna Verkhovtseva

    Katerina Ivanovna Verkhovtseva

    Called Katya, Katka, and Katenka, Katerina Ivanovna is Dmitris beautiful fiancee, despite his very open forays with Grushenka. She became engaged to Dmitri after he bailed her father out of a debt. Katerina produces a further love triangle among the...

About the author

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Фёдор Михайлович Достоевский (Russian)

Works, such as the novels Crime and Punishment (1866), The Idiot (1869), and The Brothers Karamazov (1880), of Russian writer Feodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky or Dostoevski combine religious mysticism with profound psychological insight.

Very influential writings of Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin included Problems of Dostoyevsky's Works (1929),

Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky composed short stories, essays, and journals. His literature explores humans in the troubled political, social, and spiritual atmospheres of 19th-century and engages with a variety of philosophies and themes. People most acclaimed his Demons(1872) .

Many literary critics rate him of the greatest of world literature and consider multiple highly influential masterpieces. They consider his Notes from Underground of the first existentialist literature. He also well acts as a philosopher and theologian.

(Russian: Фёдор Михайлович Достоевский) (see also Fiodor Dostoïevski)

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April 17,2025
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In 1929 Freud wrote that The Brothers Karamazov was “the most magnificent novel ever written”. Well, it’s possible he had not got round to reading Ulysses yet (copies were hard to get until 1934) and of course he never did get the opportunity to read the work of Dan Brown or J K Rowling, but even so, this gives you the idea of this novel’s impact on the brains of its readers.

A SUMMARY OF THE BROTHERS KARAMAZOV

The major themes are

Comedy
Tragedy
Psychology
Politics
Theology
Life
Death
Drinking
Borrowing money

THIS NOVEL IS A SHAPESHIFTING BEAST

For chapters at a time this novel is about children. For most of the last half this novel is like a Richard Price police procedural (Clockers, Freedomland, Lush Life) and also like a great courtroom drama with verbatim closing speeches. Elsewhere it’s a detailed debate about monastic life and the intricacies of the Christian message. The rest of the time it’s an intense psychodrama between seven or eight major characters. In one chapter (“An Ailing Little Foot”) Dosto prefigures Molly Bloom’s stream of conscious. Got to say, this guy Dosto was not a one trick pony, not by a country mile.

SOME POINTS ABOUT 19TH CENTURY RUSSIA

Only peasants and servants work, leaving the rest of the people time to talk a lot

People are really ill quite often. This might be connected to the high alcohol consumption or the poor medical facilities

It is clear that the concept of interrupting someone had not yet been introduced into Russia at this point. So everyone is able to spout forth about anything they like, rambling on with multiple digressions for ten pages, and none of the other people in the room will say “oy, shut it, sunshine, we’ve heard enough from you, let somebody else have a go”. No one will say this. Eventually the speaker collapses to the floor from lack of oxygen and the next character will launch into their ten page rant.

THE NARRATOR IS A MAJOR CHARACTER

He is a bumbling old fart who lives in the little town where all this happens. He says he has gone round talking to people to get all this story straight. He continually says things like
The details I do not know – I have heard only that…

I myself have not read the will

This arrival [of Ivan] which was so fateful and which was to serve as the origin of so many consequences for me long afterwards, the rest of my life, almost…


And on P 573 he says

Today’s item in the newspaper Rumours was entitled “From Skotoprigonyevsk” (alas, that is the name of our town, I have been concealing it all this time).

THERE ARE ZINGERS

You probably thought Dosto was a bit gloomy but this is often a comic novel, yes really. For instance Dmitri says

Who doesn’t wish for his father’s death ? …Everyone wants his father dead

And the narrator himself comes out with

The two were some sort of enemies in love with each other

And Ivan says stuff like

When I think of what I would do to the man who first invented God! Stringing him up on the bitter asp would be too good for him.

THERE IS A MACGUFFIN

There is an amount of 3000 roubles that Dmitri borrows from his current squeeze, and readers had better get used to the phrase 3000 roubles popping up about three times on every other page of this 900 page novel. Because you see, totally co-incidentally, the dead father was robbed of this exact sum also. It can get slightly tiresome, I admit that. We never hear the last of it.

SOME BLURB WRITERS SHOULD BE STOPPED BEFORE THEY BLURB ANY MORE

The blurb on the back of my Penguin copy says

The murder of brutal landowner Fyodor Karamazov changes the lives of his sons blah blah blah

This is likely to get readers all het up and their anticipation of a juicy whodunnit may turn to irritation because the murder doesn’t happen until page 508. This is not Dosto’s fault.


ALL KARAMAZOV BROTHERS RATED

4. Alexei
a.k.a. Alyosha, Alyoshka, Alyoshenka, Alyoshechka, Alexeichik, Lyosha, Lyoshenka

This is the holy joe, novice monk, all round too good to be true guy, but he doesn’t seem to have much vim, zip, pazzaz or get up and go about him. You wouldn’t want to be stuck in a lift with him. Not good boyfriend material.

3. Dmitri (a.k.a. Mitya, Mitka, Mitenka, Mitri)

This is the roister-doistering swaggering loudmouth uber-romantic aggravating jerk who because of his ability to drink ox-stunning amounts of hard liquor and then do the Argentinian tango or the Viennese waltz at the drop of a samovar is a wow with the ladies but you better be expecting to pay for his exhausting company because he never has a bean. Except that on the two occasions he does have a bean (3000 beans!) you will have the best time ever! Definitely not good boyfriend material.

2. Pavel Fyodorovich Smerdyakov (aka the lackey)

The unacknowledged bastard of Big Daddy Fyodor who is kept around as a skivvy and although he has brains because he’s epileptic and an unacknowledged bastard is never given any education and therefore becomes an autodidact with a full tank of bloodcurdling homicidal suppressed rage. He’s completely boring until he starts talking then whooahhhhh. Really not good boyfriend material.

1.tIvan (a.k.a. Vanya, Vanka, Vanechka)

Obvious star of the show, the full-on atheist and progressive thinker – he’s given two entire chapters of brilliant ranting against religion – Rebellion and The Grand Inquisitor and every time he slams into the room and starts sneering the quality of the conversation is going to increase. Also probably not good boyfriend material.

NICE BIT OF DOSTO META HUMOUR

Dmitri gets to make a good joke :

Eh gentlemen, why pick on such little things : how, when and why, and precisely this much money and not that much, and all that claptrap… if you keep on, it’ll take you three volumes and an epilogue to cram it all in.

April 17,2025
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به نام او

زنده‌باد داستایفسکی!

آخرین عبارت از آخرین رمانِ منتشر شدة فیودور داستایفسکی این است:‌ «زنده‌باد کارامازُف!»
و حالا برایِ تکریمش و به مناسبتِ اینکه آخرین رمانش را برای اولین‌بار و به عنوان آخرین شاهکاری که باید از او می‌خواندم تا کهکشان داستایفسکی‌خوانیم تکمیل شود، خواندم. با شور و شعف هرچه تمام می‌گویم: «زنده‌باد داستایفسکی!»
زنده‌باد نویسنده بزرگی که اگر نبود نه تنها بسیاری از رمانهای ماندگار ادبیات، بلکه بسیاری از شخصیتهای ادبی که به ظاهر خیالی‌اند ولی در اصل موجودیت دارند و مانا خواهند ماند، نیز نبودند و چه تاسف‌آور می‌بود اگر راسکلنیکف، سونیا، پرنس میشیکین، راگوژین، اسماردیاکف، ایوان کارامازُف و تعدادی دیگر از ستارگان کهکشان داستایفسکی خلق نمی‌شدند و در میان ما نفس نمی‌کشیدند.

به نظر بنده دو نوع داستان داریم، یک داستان‌های روایت‌محور و دیگری داستان‌‌های شخصیت‌محور. برای نویسندگان دسته اول، داستان و بستر روایی ،اهمیت بسیار بالایی دارد چنین نویسندگانی روایت و گره‌های روایی را طراحی می‌کنند و شخصیتها را در دل این روایت قرار می‌دهند. اغلب نویسنده‌ها چنین تکنیکی استفاده می‌کنند به عبارتی آنها افراد عادی را در بستری غیرعادی قرار می‌دهند. در این شیوه هرنویسنده به فراخور استعدادش موفق است به نظر من لف تالستوی استاد و سرآمد نویسندگان این شیوه است و به قولی مو لای درز داستانها و منطق روای‌اش نمی‌رود. در مقابل، نویسندگانی هستند که شخصیت‌پردازی را بر روایت ارجح می‌دانند من به شخصه نویسندگان کمی را می‌شناسم که به این شیوه قلم زده و می‌زنند. چنین کسانی شخصیتهای غیرعادی را در بستری عادی قرار می‌دهند و این افراد غیرعادی موتور محرکه داستانهایشان هستند، اگر افرادی پیدا شوند و با من اختلاف نظر داشته باشند و نپذیرند که تالستوی سرآمد نویسندگان دسته اول است ولی مطمئنا در اینکه فیودور داستایفسکی بزرگ و به نوعی پادشاه بلامنازع شیوه دوم است با من هم‌نظر هستند.

و اصلا به همین‌خاطر است که بسیاری از منتقدان ادبی ایرادات اساسی و غالبا به‌جایی بر رمان‌های داستایفسکی و خط روایی‌اش می‌گیرند داستایفسکی حتی در شاهکارهایش هم در بعضی مواقع بسیار سهل‌انگارانه عمل می‌کند ولی در عین حال چنان شخصیتهای جذاب و بی‌بدیلی خلق می‌کند که بسیاری از مخاطبان یا آن خلل‌ها را نمی‌بینند و یا به راحتی از کنار آنها می‌گذرند و این است جادوی داستایفسکی.

و دیگر اینکه به همین دلیل است که ادبا و نویسندگان بزرگ طرفِ تالستوی را می‌گیرند و فیلسوفان و روانشناسان شاخص جانبِ داستایفسکی را.
و اما من که به فرم علاقمندم (و در گوشی به شما می‌گویم جزو گروه اولم) اگر بخواهم از میان آثار داستایفسکی اثری را به عنوان بهترین اثر انتخاب کنم مطمئناً جنایت و مکافات را انتخاب می‌کنم، به این دلیل که این رمان در عین اینکه یکی از شاهکارهای اوست ساختمندترین آنها نیز هست تا پیش از خواندن برادران کارامازُف هم انتخابم همین بود ولی گمان می‌کردم ممکن است بعد از خواندن آن نظرم تغییر کند ولی چنین نشد باز هم جنایت و مکافات انتخاب من است. ولی باید بگویم که اگر از من بخواهند داستایفسکی‌وارترین رمان داستایفسکی را انتخاب کنم، مطمئنا این کتاب برادران کارامازُف خواهد بود. این رمان به نوعی کمال شیوه این نویسنده بزرگ است و به خوبی تمام جنبه‌های کارنامه هنری او را نشان می‌دهد هم امتیازاتی که برای او برمی‌شمرند و هم نقایصش را.

به عنوان مثال از لحاظ روایی صد صفحه این رمان به راحتی قابل حذف است و خللی به داستان وارد نمی‌کند (هرچند خیلی‌ها خصوصاً عشاق سینه‌چاک فلسفه و روان شناسی این نظر را برنمی‌تابند) ولی با این حال این رمان فرازهایی دارد که به نظر من هیچ‌کس به غیر از داستایفسکی توانایی نوشتن آنها را ندارد و اصلاً ورای استعداد هر نویسنده‌ایست مثلا فصل مفتشِ اعظم و فصل دیدار ایوان با شیطان.

به هر رو اگر داستایفسکی‌بازید و برادران کارامازُف را نخوانده‌اید بدانید که خودتان را از خواندن مهمترین اثرش محروم کرده‌اید. البته من یک دلیل داشتم برای نخواندن و آن اینکه ترجمه خوبی از آن در بازار نبود، ترجمه صالح حسینی که اصلا خوب نیست و ترجمه احد علیقلیان نیز به مانند اغلب کارهایش بی‌روح و مکانیکی بود و من نخواندم نخواندم تا اینکه ترجمه اصغر رستگار بیرون آمد و واقعا چقدر خوب که اینقدر صبر کردم چرا که ترجمه رستگار با فاصله بعیدی بهتر از آن دو است. امتیاز دیگری که ترجمه رستگار –علاوه بر نثر بسیار خواندنی‌اش- دارد. پانوشتهای آن است. رستگار که خود کتاب مقدس را پیش از این ترجمه کرده‌است، تمام ارجاعات متن به کتاب مقدس و همچنین اطلاعات تکمیلی دیگر را در قالب پانوشت در انتهای هر فصل آورده است. این ترجمه اینقدر خوب است که اگر پیش از این برادران کارامازُف را با ترجمه دیگری خوانده‌اید پیشنهاد می‌کنم این‌یکی را نیز بخوانید. تنها خرده‌ای که بر این ترجمه می‌توان گرفت افراط رستگار در اعراب‌گذاری‌ها و برخی ابداعات نه‌چندان مناسبش در زمینه رسم‌الخط است و دیگر هیچ.

در آخر اینکه برای مقایسه بخشی از فصل «مفتش اعظم» را با این سه ترجمه در انتهای این یادداشت آورده‌ام:

«"انصاف بده حق به جانب که بود- تو یا آن‌که از تو پرسش کرد؟ نخستین پرسش را به یاد بیاور، مفاد آن -هرچند نه عین واژه‌ها- چنین بود: "تو به دنیا می‌روی، و با دست تهی می‌روی، با وعدة آزادی، که انسانها در سادگی و تمرّد ذاتیشان حتی نمی‌توانند به آن پی ببرند، از آن می‌ترسند و وحشت می‌کنند –چون تاکنون برای انسان و جامعة انسانی هیچ‌چیز تحمل‌ناپذیرتر از آزادی نبوده است. اما این سنگها را در بیابان ترک‌خورده و بی‌حاصل می‌بینی؟ آنها را به نان بدل کن و آدمیان چون گلّه، سپاسگزار و فرمانبردار، سر در پی تو خواهند گذاشت، هرچند تا ابد می‌لرزند که مبادا دست خود را پس بکشی و نانت را از آنان دریغ کنی"»
ترجمه صالح حسینی

«"خودت قضاوت کن حق با که بود: تو یا کسی که آن‌گاه از تو پرسید؟ پرسش نخست را به یاد بیاور؛ معنایش، هرچند نه عین کلماتش، این بود: «می‌خواهی به دنیا بروی، و داری تهی‌دست می‌روی، با وعده‌ی آزادی که آن‌ها به سبب سادگی و بی‌قانونی ذاتی‌شان نمی‌توانند حتی درکش کنند، از آن در هول و هراسند –چون برای انسان و جامعه‌ی انسانی هرگز چیزی تحمل‌ناپذیرتر از آزادی نبوده است! اما آیا این سنگ‌ها را در این بیابان لخت تفته می‌بینی؟ آن‌ها را به نان مبدل کن و انسان‌ها همچون گوسفند از پی تو خواهند دوید، سپاسگزار و فرمانبردار، گرچه تا ابد لرزان که مبادا دستت را پس بکشی و نان تو دیر به آنان نرسد.»
ترجمه احد علیقلیان

«"خودت کلاهت را قاضی کن ببین حق با تو بوده یا با آن روحی که می‌خواست وسوسه‌اَت کند. وسوسه‌یِ اول را یادت بیار، عینِ جمله‌اَش را نمی‌گویم، مفهومش را می‌گویم: وسوسه‌یِ اول را یادت بیار، عینِ جمله‌اَش را نمی‌گویم، مفهومش را می‌گویم: وسوسه‌گر به تو می‌گوید: "تو می‌خواهی بروی سراغِ اهل دنیا ولی با دستِ خالی، با یک وعده‌یِ گنگ و مبهم، با وعده‌یِ آزادی، وعده‌یی که آدم‌ها چون نادانند، چون ذاتاً مسئولیت‌پذیر نیستند، نمی‌توانند درست درکش کنند چون وعده‌یی است که آدم‌ها را به وحشت می‌اندازد و مرعوب می‌کند؛ چون برایِ بشر و جامعه‌یِ بشری هیچ‌چیز طاقت‌فرساتر از آزادی نیست!"وسوسه‌گر به تو می‌گوید: "این سنگ‌ها را در این بیابانِ برهوت ببین. اینها را تبدیل کن به نان، آن‌وقت می‌بینی که بشریت، عینِ یک گله‌یِ حق‌شناس و مطیع، دنبالت افتاده، ولو این که دائم بترسند از این که دستت را پس بکشی و دیگر نانی تویِ دامن‌شان نگذاری."»
ترجمه اصغر رستگار
April 17,2025
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باید یک بار دیگه نسخه ی نوشتاری کتاب رو هم بخونم
نسخه ی شنیداری تمرکز خیلی بالایی میخواد و این یک امتیاز رو در واقع از خودم کم میکنم که گاهی تمرکزم کم میشد :))
نقطه ی اوج و قوت داستان ، جلسه ی دادگاه بود
تا اینجا که بهترینِ داستایفسکی بوده برای من و البته بهترینِ آرمان سلطانزاده
April 17,2025
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I know it makes me look ignorant and uncouth to declare a masterpiece of literature by one of the greats to be awful, but here I am. I've wanted to read The Brothers Karamazov for years and years. I was looking forward to the type of revelatory experience I had with Anna Karenina a few years back--the oh-wow-now-I-see-what-everyone-was-talking-about:-Tolstoi-is-AWESOME experience. But no. I managed to wade through the first quarter or so of the audiobook before the library demanded it back for another patron and I can't say I was sorry to see it go. Although admittedly it was right as I was starting on the story of the Grand Inquisitor which is supposed to be the great contribution of the novel, so perhaps I ought to give it a few more chapters.

It's not the translation and it's not the reader (I'm pretty sure he's the same guy who read The Count of Monte Cristo which has a similar prose style to Karamazov except that I ENJOYED that novel). It's the tedious, repetitious prose and above all the gosh-awful characters. The women especially are all over-the-top drama queens full of hysterics and the men aren't much better. Even the heroic protagonist, Alyosha is not someone I have any interest in spending time with.

The most valuable part of the novel are the occasional dialogues set up as an excuse to give lengthy discourses on politics and religion. Which are intriguing insights to 19th century thought, but for that I could read a history or philosophy book, not a painfully constructed novel.

So please, please--somebody point me to a literary critic or something that can help me appreciate this book so I don't feel like such a clueless oaf.
April 17,2025
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If you like your books to move in a linear fashion this book is not for you. It hops around and attention must be paid or you will find yourself flipping back a few pages to reestablish the thread of the story. I took this on a plane flight, crazy right? Not exactly the normal "light" reading I take on flights. It was a stroke of genius. I absolutely fell under the thrall of Dostoyevky's prose. (Thank you to my fellow travelers who didn't feel the need to chat with the guy who obviously is so frilling bored he has resorted to reading a Russian novel.) I zipped through three hundred pages like it was butter and found myself absolutely captivated by the evolving drama of the Brothers Karamazov, the women that drive them crazy, and the father that brings to mind the words justifiable homicide.

I have to give a plug to these Everyman's Library editions. A 776 page novel that feels like a 300 page novel. Despite the smaller size, the print size is still easily readable. I will certainly be picking up more of these editions especially the Russian novels that are translated by the magical duo of Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky.

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Translators Volokhonsky and Pevear

One of my complaints, when I was in college, and liked to torture myself with the largest most incomprehensible Russian books I could find, was that the nicknames and diminutives of various Russian names increased my frustration level and decreased my ability to comprehend the plots. I certainly spent too much time scratching my head and reading feverishly to see if I could figure out from the interactions of the characters if Vanky was actually Ivan or Boris or Uncle Vashy. I did not have that issue with this book. Despite a plot that skipped around I did not experience the confusion that has marred my memories of other Russian novels.

This is the story of the Karamazov family. The father Fyodor and his four sons. There are three legitimate sons Dmitri, Ivan and Alyosha, but I believe that Smerdyakov is also an illegitimate son, though not confirmed by the author given the tendencies of Fyodor to hop on anything in a skirt I would say chances are pretty good that the boy is a Karamazov.

The recklessness at which Fyodor lived his life is really the basis of the plot. The motivations of the other characters all revolve around reactions to the careless and insensitive behavior of the father. Dostoyevsky wrote a description of Fyodor that still gives me a shiver every time I read it.

"Fyodor's physiognomy by that time presented something that testified acutely to the characteristics and essence of his whole life. Besides the long, fleshy bags under his eternally insolent, suspicious, and leering little eyes, besides the multitude of deep wrinkles on his fat little face, a big Adam's apple, fleshy and oblong like a purse, hung below his sharp chin, giving him a sort of repulsively sensual appearance. Add to that a long, carnivorous mouth with plump lips, behind which could be seen the little stumps of black, almost decayed teeth. He sprayed saliva whenever he spoke."

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Fyodor is a skirt chaser and since he is rich he can afford to throw these opulent parties that evolve/devolve into orgies with the local women. Given the description above I can only speculate that gallons and gallons of good vodka must be in play to achieve this end. Problems mount as he falls in love/lust with a young beauty of dubious morals named Grushenka.

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His oldest son Dmitri is also in love with this young woman and as they both vie for her hand the tension between the Karamazov's ratchets up to dangerous levels. Dmitri while pursuing this dangerous siren throws over Katerina, a girl that he owes 3,000 rubles. After Fyodor is murdered (It was similar to waiting around for someone to kill J.R.)those same rubles become central to the subsequent trial to convict Dmitri of the murder. The murderer is revealed to the reader and as the trial advances the tension increases as we begin to wonder just how the truth will be revealed.

There are subplots with Father Zosima and his life before becoming a monk. Alyosha, the youngest son, was studying to be a monk under Zosima's tutelage, but becomes embroiled in the power struggles of the family and leaves the monastery to seek a life in the real world. Alyosha also becomes involved with the care of a dying child named, Ilyusha who is in the book to illustrate the heavy burden that the seemingly inconsequential actions of people can leave on others. The book explores that theme extensively.

It was fascinating to watch the ripple effects of each character's actions as the chapters advance. Every time I picked this book up I had to read large chunks because it simply would not let me go. The reactions and high drama created by the smallest spark of contention in the characters kept the pages turning and as new information snapped into place I found my pulse quickening as my brain sprang ahead trying to guess where Dostoyevsky was taking me next.

I worked with a young woman years ago that said that I reminded her of one of the Karamazov brothers. Because of the diverse personalities of the brothers, and the fact that I can see a little of myself in each brother I'm still left with the grand mystery as to which brother she was referring too. It serves me right for waiting so long to read this beautiful book.

If you wish to see all my most recent book and movie reviews check out http://www.jeffreykeeten.com
April 17,2025
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Wait a sec...
Fuck the five stars!
★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★
It actually hurts to give it only five. Need I say that this book must be considered one of the wonders of mankind? Would it be necessary to talk about Dostoyevsky's extraordinary ability to create such interesting and realistic characters, or the fact that he was a master of the human psyche? This, of course, is an understatement. Check Ivan Karamazov's encounter with the devil if you don't believe me. In fact, the whole novel is a unique proof of this statement. From the first, introductory pages to the redemptive finale, this novel is a pure masterpiece. I honestly think that books like The Brothers Karamazov defined literature the way bands like The Beatles defined music.
Enough said.
April 17,2025
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I will generally finish a novel no matter what...but I could not push through this one. I have tried twice, so I suppose this is going to be a novel that doesn't ever make it to my "read" list.

UPDATE: It took me three starts and an unusual amount of determination to finish this novel. I was inches away from abandoning it for good and all. I am glad I didn’t, but believe me when I say I hope I never encounter a book this hard to endure again in my reading lifetime.

The themes Dostoevsky tackles along the way are significant and weighty. Just when he begins to move the story forward, he always seems to stop and write a few chapters of political or religious philosophy, and the reader is required to stop with him, digest what the arguments mean, and weigh in personally on which side of the debate truth lies. The book inspires soul searching, but requires almost inhuman concentration.

The brothers themselves are atypical characters, volatile and impassioned, unpredictable and complicated. Nothing they do seems to be logical. Even Alyosha, who is easily understood to be the “good” brother, behaves sometimes in a way that is puzzling to my non-Russian mind. The father is a buffoon, and so crude and cruel that he garners no sympathy from me at all.

Over half way in, I feel that I do not care what happens to a single character here and that at least 90% of what has occurred makes no real sense. Then, things begin to gel, the story begins to move, I find myself caring about what happens to these men, particularly Dmitri (Mitya) and to the two women with whom he is involved. I know I will make it through this time.

I understand why this is considered an important work and a classic piece of literature. It addresses many important issues that have universal implications. What happens if you remove God from the equation? What purpose does faith serve in life? Does suffering lead to self-awareness and can it change a man for the better? To what extent are we morally responsible for others? If you wish a murder, if you fail to stop one, are you equally guilty with the man who commits the deed?

I suspect I will be pondering The Brothers Karamazov for a long while. I did not enjoy this read, but it will mean something to me. Perhaps, like Mitya, I needed to suffer to attain appreciation. At the very least, I have come away with a sense of accomplishment. Now for something very, very, very light.


April 17,2025
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"La cuestión principal que se tratará en todas las partes de este libro es la misma que me ha hecho sufrir consciente o inconscientemente: la existencia de Dios."

Esta frase resume toda la epopeya karamazoviana que Fiódor Dostoievski encarara a final de su vida en esta obra literaria monumental y que le llevara tres años de apretada y sufrida elaboración. Dostoievski, que había tenido una vida plena de emociones iba a culminar su propia carrera con un libro perfecto, más allá de que tenía pensado elaborar una segunda parte del mismo que se iba a llamar “Los niños”, aunque la muerte lo alcanzaría a los 59 años y para posicionarlo merecidamente en el sitio de uno de los más grandes escritores de toda la literatura universal.

“Los Hermanos Karamazov” comenzó a ser publicado por capítulos en “El Mensajero Ruso” y editado definitivamente como libro en noviembre 1880, un año antes de su deceso, cerrando con lazos de oro su brillante carrera literaria.
No hay forma alguna de abstraerse de semejante tour-de-force literario que implica leer Los Hermanos Karamazov y es evidente que Dostoievski puso absolutamente todos sus conocimientos, vivencias, alegrías, tristezas, creencias, miedos y esperanzas en esta obra descomunal. Usualmente, al rememorar los más grandes libros que nos dio la literatura rusa nos vienen primero a la cabeza “La Guerra y la Paz” y “Anna Karenina", ambos de Lev Tolstói y es precisamente a este último al que Dostoievski calificaba “una obra de arte perfecta.” Personalmente, me es indispensable agregar a estos dos libros antes citados, éste libro que estoy reseñando junto con “Crimen y Castigo” y además sumaría a esa lista otros clásicos como “Almas Muertas” de Nikólai Gógol o “Eugenio Oneguin” de Alexandr Pushkin, esa especie de semidiós que representaba el padre de las letras rusas para Dostoievski.

Es imposible despegar a Los Hermanos Karamazov de la resonancia que tuvo en la sociedad rusa de la época, tan convulsionada ya a esas alturas de la dinastía zarista que iba en declive a partir de 1870. Gran parte del pensamiento ruso comenzaba a cambiar, incluso habían aparecido sendos grupos revolucionarios nihilistas que estallaban contra el sistema sus ideas de rebeldía y caos. Esto es algo que Dostoievski anticipara en su libro “Los Demonios” de 1872 a través de personajes como Piotr Verjovenski, Nikólai Stravroguin o Alexéi Kirilov. El nihilismo, mezclado con altas dosis de ateísmo fervoroso y convulsión social entre los jóvenes de la época tarde o temprano iría a desembocar en una verdadera revolución que explotaría literalmente en 1917 con la caída del imperio zarista para dar luz (u oscuridad) a otro período que Rusia conocería a partir del siglo XX.

Considero que en general, la idea que mantuvo presente Dostoievski en “Los Hermanos Karamazov” fue la de incluir absolutamente todos los aspectos de los que se componía la sociedad rusa, aquella que había defendido Pushkin y que habían infectado los “occidentalistas” con Turguéniev a la cabeza, intentando europeizar las raíces de un pueblo que nunca pudo congeniar con las ideas de Europa. Esto hizo que la literatura y los intelectuales de la época giraran a aspectos e ideales que nunca habían pasado por la mente y los corazones de los rusos. A mi entender, fue muy importante la acérrima defensa que autores como Dostoievski o Tolstoi hicieron de la cultura rusa ante el avance de ideas que chocaban contra la realidad que atravesaba Rusia y que este país en cierta manera no aceptaba.

Dostoievski sabía que podía incluir todos los elementos posibles en la elaboración del nudo argumental en su libro y que además, podía contar con todos los estratos sociales de su amada Rusia. Es asombroso descubrir que en este libro nos encontraremos con cinco (no tres) personalidades distintas, a saber, la del padre Fiódor Pávlovich Karamazov, sus hijos Alexéi “Aliósha” Fiodoróvich, Iván Fiodoróvich, Dmitri “Mitia” Fiodoróvich y la de Pavel “Smerdiakov”, el lacayo e hijo no reconocido de Fiódor Karamazov. A su vez, aparecerán otros personajes claves para la historia como lo son Katerina Ivanovna, Agrafievna “Grushenka” Aleksándrovna, el Stárets Zósima, Lisaveta Smerdiáshaia, Ippolit Kirilovich, el pequeño Illiusha, “Kolia” Krasotkin, Rakitin y tantos otros.

No voy a hacer un estudio de perfil psicológico de los tres hermanos, puesto que de eso se encarga magistralmente el autor durante toda su obra, pero sí puedo dar unas leves pinceladas de cada uno de ellos y de otros personajes que son los más importantes durante la lectura de este libro.

En el caso del padre, Fiódor Pávlovich Karamazov, podemos encontrarnos rápidamente con un ser frío, déspota, desamorado, que nunca quiso hacerse cargo de sus hijos (“cuanto más lejos, mejor, que los cuide el criado Grígori). Sumamente borracho y déspota y con una avaricia devoradora que haría poner colorado al personaje de Molière y al padre de Eugènie Grandet. Se cree que este personaje tiene una conexión directa con el propio padre de Dostoievski, quien fuera supuestamente asesinado por sus siervos debido a su crueldad sin medida, algo que Dostoievski siempre recordaba de su infancia. Probablemente todo esto haya influido en la creación de este personaje tan importante en la novela.
“En el cielo Dios, en la patria el Zar, en la casa el Padre”, reza un tratado espiritual de la época del zar Iván "el terrible” y pone en el candelero el tema de lo que la figura de padre representa para nosotros a través de la historia por la cuestión del parricidio que luego se transformará durante el juicio en el eje de las exposiciones del fiscal Ippolit Kirilóvich y del célebre abogado defensor Fetiukóvich.

Iván Fiodoróvich Karamazov es compasivo al principio del libro, mantiene firme sus ideales y su particular visión acerca de la duda sobre la existencia o no de Dios: ”Si Dios no existe, todo está permitido”, posee un profundo existencialismo y una alta filosofía. Pero este hombre comenzará a tener un desmoronamiento mental que desdibujará lo que al principio del libro vemos de él.
Hay dos capítulos esenciales en el libro que involucran a Iván y que hasta se pueden leer como libros separados y son “El Gran Inquisidor” y “El Diablo. La pesadilla de Iván Karamazov”. Sobre el primero pueden leer mi reseña aquí en goodreads y no voy a explayarme porque habla por sí misma. Es aquí donde toma fuerza la frase de Dostoievski sobre la existencia o no de Dios. Y vaya que tenía forma de plantearla…
Para ello, Dostoievski nos prepara en el capítulo previo al Inquisidor, llamado “Rebelión”, ese en donde expone el planteo moral y religioso y sobre lo destructivo de la injusticia y crueldad de los hombres, es acaloradamente expuesto en esa charla con Aliósha.
La pesadilla de Iván y el Diablo es sencillamente de antología. Dostoievski, en este encuentro casi real que sufre Iván nos recuerda al desdoblamiento que sufriera otro atormentado héroe dostoievskiano, el señor Goliadkin de su segunda novela, “El Doble”. Esa declaración de principios que realiza el Diablo solamente puede salir de una pluma tan genial como la de este escritor y no tiene nada que envidiarle ni a Dante, ni al Mefistófeles del Fausto de Goethe ni al Lucifer de Milton y es imposible que Mijaíl Bulgákov no se haya maravillado con este capítulo. Me arriesgaría a decir que lo leyó como inspiración para su Voland en “El Maestro y Margarita”.

Aliósha Karamazov es junto con su hermano Dmitri quien domina gran parte del espacio del libro y ambos los más importantes, en primer lugar por su relación directa con su protector espiritual, el Stárets Zósima, pero además porque es el propio Dostoievski quien comienza a contar la historia ”Al comenzar la historia de mi héroe, Alexéi Fiodoróvich Karamazov…” y aquí nuevamente una implicancia autobiográfica del autor, puesto que en Aliósha Dostoievski le rinde homenaje a su hijo fallecido, que también se llamaba Alexéi. Dostoievski lo llama "mi héroe".
Hay señales de que Dostoievski buscó delinear en él la figura de Cristo que no tuvo la solidez que pretendía para el Príncipe Mishkin. Sus carácter reflexivo, su humildad y el "poner constantemente la otra mejilla", su intento de ayudar al prójimo, su férrea creencia en Dios y en las actitudes cristianas más solidarias son sus cualidades más sobresalientes. Su amor incondicional con sus hermanos (especialmente con Dmitri) lo posicionarán en el ser más espiritual de esta familia tan particular.
Hay episodios en el libro en el que aprendemos sobre lo maravilloso que es “ser humano”, puesto que las experiencias que atraviesa Aliósha son edificantes: todo lo que tiene que ver con el Stárets Zósima lo marcarán a fuego, su anécdota con Snieguiriov, el padre de Iliusha, la especial y fraternal relación con este niño enfermo, los diálogos con sus hermanos, interceder con Katia Ivanovna y Grushenka para llegar a soluciones dentro del caos que se desata a mitad del libro, son algunos de los ejemplos de la importancia que este personaje posee.

En tercer lugar, nos encontramos con Dmitri Karamazov, de una vida disoluta, es pendenciero, impulsivo y desenfrenado y vive siempre con grandes deudas de dinero producto de su hedonismo desmesurado. Un ser sin control que despilfarra dinero mientras reniega de la herencia que su padre no le concede. Su violenta enemistad con Fiódor Karamazov lo llevará a vivir las escenas más difíciles y desgarradoras del libro. Su personalidad no lo ayuda, su impulsividad de caballo desbocado lo hará caer en lo más bajo y degradante que le hará auto proclamarse “infame”. El mundo se le volverá en contra y conocerá el sufrimiento, la desesperación y el pecado. Deambulará entre Grushenka y Katerina Ivanovna, a quien el propio Dostoievski definía como "Una criatura que no vive, sino que se pasa la vida cavilando". Tendrá las ideas más radicales, esas que se le atravesaran alguna vez a Rodion Raskólnikov y fermentarán la idea de matar en su cabeza. Porque no queda otra solución a su problema que matar. Algunas de las mejores frases del libro le pertenecen a él. Son contundentes, maravillosas y ejemplificadoras, aunque procedan del personaje más polémico del libro: "Yo creo que si el Diablo no existe y es entonces el hombre el que lo creó, lo creó a su imagen y semejanza.”

El caso de Smérdiakov es clave para el desarrollo de la historia. Su participación en el crimen es vital, demasiado crucial e importante. Es un ser con cierto rencor en su corazón por su condición de lacayo cuando sostiene que podría haber sido un Karamazov. Sabemos que el hijo bastardo de Fiódor Pávlovich es totalmente taimado y sumiso a su padrastro. Sus cruces con Mitia o Iván serán tremendos y en ellos se desentrañará el nudo de la intriga que nos ofrece el autor.

Por último, nos encontramos con el más importante de todos: Fiódor Mijáilovich Dostoievski.
Se preguntarán por qué sostengo esto: yo siempre he estado de acuerdo con el teórico Mijaíl Bajtín acerca de que Dostoievski es el inventor de la novela polifónica, que se hace un costado, casi desaparece como autor y deja a sus personajes la exposición de sus ideas como estandarte para que todas ellas armen como engranajes el motor de la historia principal.
En este libro he podido descubrir otro Dostoievski. Un autor que decidió meterse de lleno en la ficción desde lo real a partir de lo experimentado en su vida y transformado en enseñanza para todos nosotros. Este autor maravilloso, único e irrepetible que agradezco a Dios haber conocido me enseñó sobre la vida como si fuera mi propio padre.
Dostoievski es el Stárets Zósima, por sus lecciones espirituales en oposición al ateísmo reinante en esa época y que se extienden hasta nuestros días siguiendo el camino de Cristo como única fuente de fe: ”Sólo es necesaria una semilla diminuta: arrójala al alma simple del hombre y no morirá, va a vivir en su alma toda la vida, va a ocultarse en él en medio de las tinieblas, en medio del hedor de sus pecados, como un punto luminoso, como una gran advertencia”.

Dostoievski puede transformarse en un férreo fiscal acusador devenido en Ippolit Kirilóvich, quien me hará reflexionar acerca del crimen y de todo el castigo que ello me puede causar. La exposición que hace durante el juicio es contundente, pero también se pone las investiduras Fetiukóvich, el abogado defensor de la injusticia. Él defenderá a capa y espada la inocencia de su cliente y nos reconfortará el hecho de saber que nos custodiará hasta el final, hasta que llegue la verdad.

Y Dostoievski también puede personificar al Diablo con una versatilidad inusitada para dar su propia versión de los hechos ante un alucinado Iván: ”“Pero Dios mío, yo ni siquiera pretendo compararme contigo en inteligencia. Mefistófeles, al aparecérsele a Fausto, testimonió sobre sí mismo que él quiere el mal pero sólo hace el bien. Bueno, como a él le parezca. Yo, al contrario, quizás sea la única persona en toda la naturaleza que ama la verdad y desea sinceramente el bien.”
Hay también en el libro otra frase que define con exactitud a los hermanos Karamazov y la dice el fiscal Kirilóvich:
”Dos abismos, señores, ¡recuerden la naturaleza karamazoviana de mezclar todos los puestos posibles y contemplar a la vez ambos abismos, el abismo sobre nosotros, el abismo de los ideales superiores y el abismo debajo de nosotros, el abismo de la más baja y fétida caída!”

Su último libro, su obra cumbre es a la vez el último libro que me faltaba leer de él. Puedo levantar la cabeza, mirar hacia atrás y decir orgulloso que he leído toda su obra, que he aprendido y que soy otro a partir de él. Este no es un libro sobre la vida de tres hermanos y un padre.
Es un libro sobre la vida misma.
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