Novels 1901–1902: The Sacred Fount / The Wings of the Dove

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This Library of America volume brings together The Sacred Fount (1901), one of Henry James’s most unusual experiments, and The Wings of the Dove (1902), one of his most beloved masterpieces and the novel that inaugurated the majestic and intricate “late phase” of his literary career.

Writing to his friend William Dean Howells, James characterized The Sacred Fount, the only one of his novels to be told in the first person, as “a fine flight into the high fantastic.” While traveling to the country house of Newmarch for a weekend party, the nameless narrator becomes obsessed with the idea that a person may become younger or cleverer by tapping the “sacred fount” of another person. Convinced that Grace Brissenden has become younger by drawing upon her husband, Guy, the narrator seeks to discover the source of the newfound wit of Gilbert Long, previously “a fine piece of human furniture.” His perplexing and ambiguous quest, and the varying reactions it provokes from the other guests, calls into question the imaginative inquiry central to James’s art of the novel.

James described the essential idea of The Wings of the Dove as “a young person conscious of a great capacity for life, but early stricken and doomed, condemned to die under short respite, while also enamoured of the world.” The heroine, a wealthy young American heiress, Milly Theale (inspired by James’s beloved cousin Minny Temple), is slowly drawn into a trap set for her by the English adventuress Kate Croy and her lover, the journalist Morton Densher. The unexpected outcome of their mercenary scheme provides the resolution to a tragic story of love and betrayal, innocence and experience that has long been acknowledged as one of James’s supreme achievements as a novelist. This volume prints the New York Edition text of The Wings of the Dove, and includes the illuminating preface James wrote for that edition.

713 pages, Hardcover

First published January 1,1902

About the author

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Henry James was an American-British author. He is regarded as a key transitional figure between literary realism and literary modernism, and is considered by many to be among the greatest novelists in the English language. He was the son of Henry James Sr. and the brother of philosopher and psychologist William James and diarist Alice James.
He is best known for his novels dealing with the social and marital interplay between émigré Americans, the English, and continental Europeans, such as The Portrait of a Lady. His later works, such as The Ambassadors, The Wings of the Dove and The Golden Bowl were increasingly experimental. In describing the internal states of mind and social dynamics of his characters, James often wrote in a style in which ambiguous or contradictory motives and impressions were overlaid or juxtaposed in the discussion of a character's psyche. For their unique ambiguity, as well as for other aspects of their composition, his late works have been compared to Impressionist painting.
His novella The Turn of the Screw has garnered a reputation as the most analysed and ambiguous ghost story in the English language and remains his most widely adapted work in other media. He wrote other highly regarded ghost stories, such as "The Jolly Corner".
James published articles and books of criticism, travel, biography, autobiography, and plays. Born in the United States, James largely relocated to Europe as a young man, and eventually settled in England, becoming a British citizen in 1915, a year before his death. James was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1911, 1912, and 1916. Jorge Luis Borges said "I have visited some literatures of East and West; I have compiled an encyclopedic compendium of fantastic literature; I have translated Kafka, Melville, and Bloy; I know of no stranger work than that of Henry James."


Community Reviews

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4 reviews All reviews
April 17,2025
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I tried and gave up on read The Sacred Fount -- maybe later, much, much, much later -- but The Wings of the Dove is the kind of literary masterpiece against which other books seem lame, timid, undernourished. It's the story of two lovers, Kate Croy and Merton Densher, who are not permitted to marry. When they meet the ailing heiress Milly Theale, Kate and Merton hatch a scheme: Merton seduces Milly in hopes that she will leave him a fortune in her will, thereby freeing the lovers to do as they wish.

That sounds like a strong, quick-moving plot, but actually the book is a real challenge to read, maybe the most challenging of James' late novels; the prose is thorny, and James occasionally shuts down the plot to describe what someone may or may not be thinking. But it's also a very, very complex novel about the intricate motivations behind love and money, and how, even when the best-laid plans might work, they fail, because people change in the process. This is the best novel I've read in years. It reminds you of what a work of art is.
April 17,2025
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Reading "Wings" for the first time.

Pro tip: Mrs. Lowder and Aunt Maud are one and the same person! She is also Maud Manningham, for some reason. Likewise, Mrs. Condrips (awful name!) is Marion, Kate's sister. I had to read the first two chapters twice before I figured this out. As if the Victorian's habit of referring to women by their deceased husband's names weren't confusing enough, James can never settle on a variation and stick with it. Sometimes Mrs. Stringham is Susie or Susan Shepherd, all in the same sentence. Why?

Favorite adverb: Beautifully. James uses it once a page, seems like. One problem with that is that, without synonyms, we don't know which meaning of "beautiful" he is employing. It's curious that, though I'm sure James felt he was writing for the ages, he went out of his way to narrate using current idioms which have been lost to time. We step through the story one point-of-view per chapter, and so James had to decide *who* to have tell each part. I had to read a synopsis online to find out that Densher and Kate have sex. Naturally, James doesn't spell it out. I suppose we are to assume it from her staying in his rooms? What was once obvious is no longer so, as his readers no longer live in his world. I would love to find an annotated edition of James.
April 17,2025
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Please see my reviews of the two novels contained in this collection.

A note: this collection breaks from the previous LOA volumes of James's works in printing the New York edition of _The Wings of the Dove_ rather than the first edition of that novel. I don't know if this makes an appreciable difference in the quality of the work or not, but _Wings_ in the NY edition is still an incredible book.
April 17,2025
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"The Wings of the Dove"--one of James's great final three novels--is a marvelously complex story of love, intrigue, treachery and self-sacrifice, fully deserving of five stars, but unfortunately the other novel in this volume--"The Sacred Font"--just didn't work for me. Maybe James just had to get it out of his system before writing "The Ambassadors," "Wings," and "Golden Bowl."
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