This novel is based on the 1938 Go match between the Go Master, Shusai, and a significantly younger challenger, Kitani. As per Wikipedia, Kawabata covered the match for a newspaper chain, and certain portions of his articles were reworked for this book.
Shusai appears to mirror the declining traditional Japanese society following World War II, while Kitani represents the new modern Japan. It's an interesting juxtaposition that Kawabata explores, although perhaps not as deeply as I had hoped. Overall, while Master of Go has its moments, it didn't quite live up to my expectations.