Although his friends celebrate his freedom, Barabbas cannot fully enjoy it. He is unable to return to his former life and is strangely drawn to the first Christians. He approaches them, hoping to learn more about Jesus' life and teachings. However, he struggles to believe and, in a moment of trial, denies being a Christian to save his life. Later, in a confused attempt to make up for his unbelief, he loses his life.
The life of Barabbas is often seen as a reflection of the modern man in a state of unbelief. While the Christians experience joy and tranquility in the midst of suffering, Barabbas remains troubled and restless. The novel does not simply present a polemic for Christianity but rather depicts Barabbas as unable to believe. Lagerkvist explores the idea of the death of God and how it affects modern man.
Another way to understand the death of God is through the cross and Jesus' cry of forsakenness. This hints at the divided nature of the divine and the separation we experience in our lives. Religion offers the promise of oneness, but the truth is that Christians also experience inner unrest and divisions. Barabbas, like the Christian believers, is invested in the illusion of achieving oneness. A true experience of the death of God is to recognize the not-at-oneness of everything and find satisfaction in the embrace of the divided within ourselves and our neighbors.