Jane Eyre is a remarkable novel that spans multiple genres and has had a profound influence on them all. It tells the story of a loveless orphan who finally finds a home, a school story, and a gothic romance with mythological undercurrents and an element of horror.
We are introduced to Jane as a scrawny and reviled nine-year-old, living on the heartless charity of her Aunt Reed. She endures the abuse of her loutish cousin John and is punished for his transgressions. The penalty laid on little Jane, being shut in the haunted “Red Room” where her uncle died, is particularly horrifying. Afraid for her life, she pounds on the door, begging for release. The scene sets the stage for the rest of the story, with a cold and dreary world, supernatural presences, and a lonely orphan.
Jane’s life takes another turn when Aunt Reed sends her to Lowood School. There, she learns the academics and skills necessary to become a governess or schoolmarm. However, the sadistic headmaster singles her out, humiliating her in front of her schoolmates. Only a kind older girl, Helen Burns, and the teacher Miss Maria Temple, show her any kindness. Tragically, Helen dies from cholera, and Jane is further traumatized.
After leaving school, Jane embarks on her first adventure as a governess at Thornfield Hall. The hall is an opulent but gloomy place, and there is something off about the servants. Jane hears creepy laughter at night, which she is told is just the servant Grace Poole. One evening, while walking in the forest, she meets a rather obnoxious gentleman who turns out to be Mr. Rochester, the master of the house. They have several conversations, and Jane discovers that Rochester is not as mean as he seems, but rather abrupt and mercurial.
As their relationship develops, Jane becomes aware of a tension between them. One night, she hears the crazed laughter again and follows the sound to Rochester’s room, which is on fire. She saves him, and at this moment, their connection deepens. However, Jane’s happiness is short-lived when she is summoned back to her dying Aunt Reed. There, she discovers that her wealthy uncle John wanted to make her his heir, but Aunt Reed had lied and told him she was dead. Jane forgives her aunt and returns to Thornfield.
Upon her return, Jane finds Rochester entertaining his fellow aristocrats, especially Blanche Ingram. She realizes that she is in love with Rochester, but knows that he is out of her league. She struggles to hide her feelings, but Rochester’s behavior makes it clear that he has feelings for her as well. One night, a guest, Mr. Mason from Jamaica, is attacked, and Jane sits with him while Rochester runs for the doctor. Rochester then decides to play a trick on everyone by disguising himself as an elderly gypsy woman. He tells Blanche something she doesn’t want to hear and tries to trick Jane into praising him, but it doesn’t work.
Despite this, Rochester gets engaged to Blanche, much to Jane’s dismay. However, one day, pushed beyond her endurance, Jane blurts out that she loves him. Rochester admits that he loves her too and calls off his engagement to Blanche. They become engaged, but Jane’s intuition tells her that something is wrong. Rochester’s mood swings and impulsive decisions worry her, and his insistence on her wearing fancy clothes and jewelry makes her uncomfortable.
The night before the wedding, a woman or wraith breaks into Jane’s room and rips her bridal veil in two. In the morning, Rochester insists that it was only a dream, but Jane’s dread increases. When they are about to say their vows, Mr. Mason shows up again, claiming that Rochester is already married. We then learn the truth about the demoniac laughter: Rochester’s wife, Bertha, is a violent madwoman whom he has been keeping in the attic of Thornfield. Horrified and heartbroken, Jane knows she must leave.
Jane runs away and eventually makes it to a village where she is taken in by a kindly young vicar and his two sisters, St. John, Diana, and Mary Rivers. They offer her a job as a teacher at their school, and she accepts. Things go smoothly for several months, but then St. John proposes marriage to her. He is in love with another woman, but believes that Jane would be a better missionary’s wife. Jane refuses, and soon after, she leaves the Rivers’ house.
Jane has a spiritual experience where she hears Rochester crying out for her, and she decides to return to Thornfield. She finds the place in ruins, having been burned down by Bertha. She learns that Bertha set the house on fire and jumped to her death, while Rochester lost his eyesight and his right hand trying to save her. Jane reunites with Rochester, forgives him, and they get married. In the epilogue, we learn that they have at least one child and Rochester has regained some of his sight.
Jane Eyre is a classic novel that deserves its exalted status. The character of Jane is exceptionally strong, brave, disciplined, and noble. Her moral fortitude is unequalled, and she endures many hardships throughout the story. Brontë’s use of mythology and Scripture adds depth to the book, and the story follows the pattern of Hades and Persephone in many ways. The 2011 movie adaptation starring Michael Fassbender and Mia Wasikowska is also well worth watching. Overall, Jane Eyre is a wonderful book that has stood the test of time and continues to be loved by readers today.