The Subterraneans

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Leo Percepied, aspiring writer and self-styled free-wheeling bum, gravitates to the Subterraneans, impoverished intellectuals who haunt the bars and clubs of San Francisco, surviving on a diet of booze and benzedrine, Proust and Verlaine. Living among them is Mardou Fox, beautiful and a little crazy, whose dark eyes, full of suffering and sweetness, find recognition in Leo. But, afraid of his growing involvement, Leo sets out to destroy their love. Exuberant and melancholy, Kerouac's spontaneous prose flows across the pages. Written in three days, The Subterraneans is, like all Kerouac's work, closely related to his own life while encapsulating his great vision of America.

192 pages, Paperback

First published January 1,1958

About the author

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Jean-Louis Lebris de Kérouac, known as Jack Kerouac, was an American novelist and poet who, alongside William S. Burroughs and Allen Ginsberg, was a pioneer of the Beat Generation.
Of French-Canadian ancestry, Kerouac was raised in a French-speaking home in Lowell, Massachusetts. He "learned English at age six and spoke with a marked accent into his late teens." During World War II, he served in the United States Merchant Marine; he completed his first novel at the time, which was published more than 40 years after his death. His first published book was The Town and the City (1950), and he achieved widespread fame and notoriety with his second, On the Road, in 1957. It made him a beat icon, and he went on to publish 12 more novels and numerous poetry volumes.
Kerouac is recognized for his style of stream of consciousness spontaneous prose. Thematically, his work covers topics such as his Catholic spirituality, jazz, travel, promiscuity, life in New York City, Buddhism, drugs, and poverty. He became an underground celebrity and, with other Beats, a progenitor of the hippie movement, although he remained antagonistic toward some of its politically radical elements. He has a lasting legacy, greatly influencing many of the cultural icons of the 1960s, including Bob Dylan, The Beatles, Jerry Garcia and The Doors.
In 1969, at the age of 47, Kerouac died from an abdominal hemorrhage caused by a lifetime of heavy drinking. Since then, his literary prestige has grown, and several previously unseen works have been published.

Community Reviews

Rating(4 / 5.0, 99 votes)
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99 reviews All reviews
April 17,2025
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I liked this one. Better than Tristessa, at least.

The experience of reading deeper into Kerouac’s catalog than OTR is strange, ironic, absurd. These little books are so sad. The distance between the high wire prose style and the actual content is downright bizarre: this is essentially a book about Kerouac getting drunk with a bunch of his boys in SF, trying to maintain a relationship with a woman that he treats like shit. It doesn’t go well, obviously.

If the book feels like your drunk friend blathering on to you about some half-remembered half-tragedy, half-comedy, that’s intentional. The book was written in three days. That’s harder than it looks, but it does leave you questioning how the form meets the function. I always thought Kerouac’s books would be about Important Topics For Your Consideration. Turns out I was mistaken, but there’s something deeply human and relatable about what they actually are.

The racial politics of the book are difficult, and likely were then as well, if for different reasons.
April 17,2025
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دومین کتابی بود که از جک کروآک خواندم و از آنجایی که دیوانهٔ کتاب اول یعنی «ولگرد‌های دارما» شدم پس طبیعی است که این را با آن مقایسه کنم!

ولگردهای دارما امضای کروآک است. اصلاً خود کروآک است! همه‌ی چیزهایی را دارد که منحصر به خودش است و با آنها شناخته می‌شود: قلم زنده و پویا، توصیفات و فضاسازی محیطی محشر، روند سریع و هیجان‌انگیز، پُرچانگی خاصی که در ابراز عقایدش دارد و از ده‌ها کتاب و نویسنده و موزیسین و فلان چیزهای جورواجور نام می‌برد و مجبورت می‌کند پشت‌هم در نت سرچ بزنی!

اما خیالتان را راحت کنم. در «زیرزمینی‌ها» خبری از هیچکدام اینها نیست. خبری از کروآک نیست.
ناگفته نماند که ترجمهٔ کتاب را هم دوست نداشتم و بنظرم کیفیت متوسط حتی ضعیفی داشت. شاید اگر فرید قدمی (با وجود ارادتی که به نسل بیت دارد و ثابت کرده ترجمهٔ آثار کروآک و دیوانه‌های بیت کار خودش است!) ترجمه کرده بود، نمرهٔ بیشتری به کتاب می‌دادم.
April 17,2025
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I am occasionally dizzied or nauseated by the oddest things. Knitting with black yarn, for instance, or the novel "Nausea," of which I could not pass two pages. My reason for getting queasy with this novel, however, requires no exotic explanation. Poor grammar! Perhaps it could be mistaken for poetry in prose. A whirlwind of ideas, a maelstrom of images rushing towards the reader to allow him or her to experience the narrator's emotions and reactions. This approach may have worked, had these emotions and reactions been beyond the superficial. None of the characters seemed motivated by anything beyond sex; it was, in fact, dubitable if even sex motivated them. Had Kerouac written an account of how they lost their toothbrush and found it fallen off the sink, it could hardly be less interesting. We got no sense of what makes the "subterranean" characters themselves; they were just shadowy shapes with alcohol problems. I am not sure where Kerouac wished to go with this book; I am not even sure if he went there. In grammar, plot, and narrative, it was deficient, and dare I say it? Extraordinarily dull.
April 17,2025
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Entre pausas (de otros dos libros por párrafo) logré completar esta obra. No me gustó, sin embargo reconozco su valor como una buena crónica de la generación beat en su apogeo, una especie de autobiografía de Kerouac (sus roces con otros escritores que "sí llegaron a la fama rápidamente"), y una historia de amor (¿Bizarra? ¿Inusual? ¿O como cualquier otra?) que termina poniendo al protagonista en la friendzone, O Discordia.

Tanta borrachera me hizo odiar mi gusto por una buena cerveza de vez en cuando, pues temo que terminaré así, como un vil subterráneo que a veces es difícil distinguir la muy fina y frágil linea entre un subterráneo y un hipster (con eso de que consideran a un vegano como hipster automáticamente). Carajo.

Y creo entender por qué le ha gustado a mi amigo Miguel Soto, siendo él psicoanalista. Creo. No me hagan caso, soy un simple mortal.
April 17,2025
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A já jdu domů, když jsem ztratil její lásku.
A píšu tuhle knihu.


Číst ji před lety, nejspíš ji ani nedočtu. Ten tok myšlenek, styl a vyprávění by mi bylo cizí. Ale když člověk ve svém životě prožije lásku, skutečnou lásku, změní se mu dosti náhled na svět a mnohé věci, které se mu zdály býti nesmyslné, najednou dávají smysl. A tak i já propadl tomu kouzlu Kerouaca a tomu hlubokému vyprávění, které tam mnoho lidí ani nenajde, ale až prožití opravdu hlubokého citu otevře některé další dveře a asi ještě víc, když jsou sdílené ve svém konci. A číst všechny ty řádky nadechnuté oparem alkoholu a v pozadí se všemi melodiemi Gerryho Mulligana... no prostě a jednoduše tohle je paráda, sice ne pro každého, ale stále paráda.
April 17,2025
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This was my first real attempt at reading Jack Kerouac and I quickly realized that I had to forget that I was reading a novel (or, in this case, a novella) and think of it as a long, rambling, Beatnik poem. Then the run-on sentences, seemingly random plotting and the alcohol-fueled prose starts to make some sense. But I can't say that it was a totally satisfying experience.

My personal copy of this book has an interesting history. An original Avon paperback (price, 35 cents) I found it on my mother's bookshelves where it must have sat for 60 years. My father would've likely bought it around 1960, I'm guessing. He was no Party Animal, but he did have an avant-garde taste in literature. It's fun for me to imagine him sitting in his favourite chair, 31 years old, jet black hair, with a cigarette and a cup of coffee, enjoying hipster, wild man, Jack Kerouac. And now, here I am, 61 years old, sipping scotch and water, reading the exact same book.

I wonder if he really enjoyed it? Hard for me to say. He was really more of a John Le Carre man. Something else I picked up from him much later in life.

Anyway, this is of no interest to anyone but myself, but I thought I'd write about it. A literary connection spanning six decades. Thinking about you, Dad!
April 17,2025
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After looking at a GR reader's list of 'books read' today, I was wondering about Kerouac and thinking, I am quite sure I read more than "On The Road" back in the day, so I looked at the GR list of Kerouac books.

I read "On The Road" in about 1957 - I was 16. I had been 'into' early rock 'n roll since '55 and I was listening to folk music about the same time. Rock was very cool and although I loved Bill Haley, Jerry Lee Louis, Little Richard, et al., I was more inspired by folk music, Pete Seeger, Leadbelly, Woody Guthrie etc., and what they, and their music, represented.

Coffee shops, or coffee houses, were the 'go' back then and the owners encouraged young 'folkies' to audition for the positions as resident singers. I couldn't get enough of our own folk-singers, all of whom sang what today are called "covers", no-one would have dreamed of writing and singing their own songs. So, for the cost of a couple of cups of coffee, plus maybe some toasted raisin bread, I could spend hours in a dimly lit coffee lounge, (candles, regular candles like those we saw at church, nothing fancy) and absorb the music and enjoy chatting with the customers, and the folkies. Several years later, at age 20, I was the Tuesday night 'resident folkie' at a coffee lounge not far from my home. I was learning classical guitar at the time, so it was good practice for my 'finger-style' playing, so beloved of folkies back then. This was before my all-time hero, Bob Dylan, changed to 'steel strings' and then, a bit later, he introduced his bloody electric guitar! We older folkies all screamed "Sacrilege!" but he is still the best of the best to me
April 17,2025
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In my spin through Kerouac's books, my friend said after reading On The Road and The Dharma Bums that my next task should be The Subterraneans.

Apparently, he wrote this 110-page book in only three days. While the bulk of On The Road was written in this way, making it an American classic, I have to say that for this book, it didn't work as well.

Here, Kerouac shows a more poetic than prosaic style. The sentences seem more like lyrics than in the other two books. Yet here that seemed to take away from the effect rather than enhance it.

It's a story about an affair with a biracial woman, Mardou, whose mother was black and whose abandoning father was Cherokee. Kerouac is at his best when he's detailing her torment and how her relationship with Leo soothes that pain.

His two other classics were, in its simplest form, buddy novels. While you could make a case that Mardou is his buddy here, the more direct connection is the fact that like Dean Moriarty in On the Road and like Japhy Ryder in Dharma Bums, Mardou Fox leaves, and that leaves a hole in the protagonist never to be filled. Here, though, the reasons for it seem almost cliche. Guy gets too close to woman, tries to create some distance, ends up losing what he had and forgets how good he had it.

One thing I couldn't get passed is how Faulknerian the structure of this is -- which is a fancy way of saying that in 110 pages, there's only about nine paragraphs. Perhaps its my own style of writing and reading, but that grates on me.

If you love Kerouac's other books, I suggest a trip through The Subterraneans. But if you've never read a Kerouac novel, this is not the entryway.
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