Redburn

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Wellingborough Redburn is a fifteen-year-old from the state of New York, with only one dream - to run away to sea. However, when he does fulfil this long-held fantasy, he quickly finds that reality as a cabin boy is far harsher than he ever imagined. Mocked by the crew on board the Highlander for his weakness and bullied by the vicious and merciless sailor Jackson, Wellingborough must struggle to endure the long journey from New York to Liverpool. But when he does reach England, he is equally horrified by what he finds there: poverty, desperation and moral corruption. Inspired by Melville's own youthful experiences on board a cargo ship, this is a compelling tale of innocence transformed, through bitter experience, into disillusionment. A fascinating sea journal and coming-of-age tale, Redburn provides a unique insight into the mind of one of America's greatest novelists.

443 pages, Paperback

First published January 1,1849

About the author

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There is more than one author with this name

Herman Melville was an American novelist, short story writer, and poet of the American Renaissance period. Among his best-known works are Moby-Dick (1851); Typee (1846), a romanticized account of his experiences in Polynesia; and Billy Budd, Sailor, a posthumously published novella. At the time of his death, Melville was no longer well known to the public, but the 1919 centennial of his birth was the starting point of a Melville revival. Moby-Dick eventually would be considered one of the great American novels.
Melville was born in New York City, the third child of a prosperous merchant whose death in 1832 left the family in dire financial straits. He took to sea in 1839 as a common sailor on a merchant ship and then on the whaler Acushnet, but he jumped ship in the Marquesas Islands. Typee, his first book, and its sequel, Omoo (1847), were travel-adventures based on his encounters with the peoples of the islands. Their success gave him the financial security to marry Elizabeth Shaw, the daughter of the Boston jurist Lemuel Shaw. Mardi (1849), a romance-adventure and his first book not based on his own experience, was not well received. Redburn (1849) and White-Jacket (1850), both tales based on his experience as a well-born young man at sea, were given respectable reviews, but did not sell well enough to support his expanding family.
Melville's growing literary ambition showed in Moby-Dick (1851), which took nearly a year and a half to write, but it did not find an audience, and critics scorned his psychological novel Pierre: or, The Ambiguities (1852). From 1853 to 1856, Melville published short fiction in magazines, including "Benito Cereno" and "Bartleby, the Scrivener". In 1857, he traveled to England, toured the Near East, and published his last work of prose, The Confidence-Man (1857). He moved to New York in 1863, eventually taking a position as a United States customs inspector.
From that point, Melville focused his creative powers on poetry. Battle-Pieces and Aspects of the War (1866) was his poetic reflection on the moral questions of the American Civil War. In 1867, his eldest child Malcolm died at home from a self-inflicted gunshot. Melville's metaphysical epic Clarel: A Poem and Pilgrimage in the Holy Land was published in 1876. In 1886, his other son Stanwix died of apparent tuberculosis, and Melville retired. During his last years, he privately published two volumes of poetry, and left one volume unpublished. The novella Billy Budd was left unfinished at his death, but was published posthumously in 1924. Melville died from cardiovascular disease in 1891.

Community Reviews

Rating(4.1 / 5.0, 99 votes)
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99 reviews All reviews
April 17,2025
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This novel is, I see now on second reading, a proto-Moby Dick without the hyper-intrusive narrator (Ishmael) but with the usual gay (overt?) subtext.

Melville rarely, almost never, wrote extensively about women. “As for ladies, I have nothing to say concerning them; for ladies are like creeds; if you cannot speak well of them, say nothing.” (p. 347)

Redburn is the often amusing story of a young man’s first crossing as “boy” on a merchant ship from New York to the Liverpool. The traveler’s name is Willingborough Redburn and he is the narrator.

Published in 1849 it remains highly readable. And sometimes – there are pages which take the breath away. For example, on the return trip a plague runs through steerage which is occupied by 500 mostly Irish immigrants. This is the quote.

“But those who had lost fathers, husband, wives, or children, needed no crape to reveal to the others who they were. Hard and bitter indeed was their lot; for with the poor and desolate, grief is no indulgence of mere sentiment, however sincere, but a gnawing reality, that eats into their vital beings; they have no kind condolers, and bland physicians, and troops of sympathizing friends; and they must toil, though tomorrow be the burial, and their pallbearers throw down the hammer to lift up the coffin.” (p.379)

This among the blackest moments in a book which otherwise evinces a broad range of tones and moods—in other words, nothing like Thomas Bernhard.
April 17,2025
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Reads like a trial run for Moby Dick, but an excellent salty story. Definitely a good one if you like tall ship sailing and/or are interested in the period.

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April 17,2025
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“For the scene of suffering is a scene of joy when the suffering is past; and the silent reminiscence of hardships departed is sweeter than the presence of delight.”
― Herman Melville, Redburn



It must be awful as a writer to dash off a novel for money or tobacco in a couple of weeks and have it praised, but see your earlier serious novel (Mardi) panned, and your later novel (Moby-Dick) under-appreciated until years after your death. That is the genius of a select group of writers -- they are destined to exist in this weird space between art and the public. Perhaps the strong bitter of Melville's art was just too early and too strange for the public, but they WERE ready for his swipes.

If you are into literature of the sea (The Sea Wolf, The Pilot, Captains Courageous, etc.,) or you are just into Melville, you will want to read this. If, however, this is your first Melville, I'd stick with Moby-Dick.
April 17,2025
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my copy is actually the lovely anchor edition that has cover art and typography by edward gorey. so far, only a chapter in, i'm really digging it.
April 17,2025
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I took a Melville seminar in grad school and when it came time to write a paper on Moby Dick (frankly, a book I struggled to get through), I told my teacher that I wanted to do something on homo-eroticism, especially in the bed scene between Ishmael and Queequeg. She dismissed this out of hand. Not only was Melville not gay, but she didn’t want to read about that. Well here it is many years later and just having finished Redburn, I can say, without a doubt, that yes Melville was gay, and his writing must be included as part of hidden gay literature. Many scenes in this book have gay undertones--the old Dutch sailor trying to seduce Redburn, Redburn’s love for the effeminate British boy Harry, the descriptions of the beautiful Italian “organ grinder” (and, yes the double entendres are here on purpose). To not recognize this is to miss a great deal of what is going on in this book!
Also, Melville is never afraid to look at the injustices around him, and in Redburn he explores prejudice in a way that no other white 19th cent American author gets close to. While Mark Twain and Harriet Beecher Stowe may be sympathetic to the plight of blacks, they come at it via stereotypes of African-Americans as being simple, uneducated, and childlike to elicit white sympathy. Melville treats them as equals, part of the American fabric, the same as Scotsmen, Dutch or Germans (he saves his disdain for the Irish). He never fails to mention blacks--recognizing them in everyday situations, making them visible. He shames America when he compares to how much better black sailors are treated in Liverpool. How ironic, he notes, that ours is the country that produced the Declaration of Independence.
While there are parts of this book that seem padded (too much sailing talk for my taste), I never got tired of it. I can say for the first time in 30 years that I actually enjoyed a book by this American master!
April 17,2025
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Here's my secret to reading and enjoying Melville. He writes in short chapters, so read just one a day. Take your time. Absorb the writing. No, Redburn isn't a classic like Moby-Dick, but it has some great moments and insights. One of my top three or four Melville books.
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