Já tinha lido esta peça muitos anos atrás. Mas agora li-a com muito mais proveito, pois li a Ilíada recentemente e estava, portanto, muito mais familiarizado com o "espírito" grego. E a tradução portuguesa da Edições 70, apesar de ser em prosa, é de leitura muito, muito poética, como aliás é tão típico dos portugueses. As frases são tão bem redigidas, a sonoridade é tão bem construída e natural ao mesmo tempo! Foi um grande prazer.

Quanto ao conteúdo, uma das coisas que mais me marcaram foi a idéia de a progênie carregar consigo o legado dos atos abomináveis cometidos pelos pais. Prefiguração do tema judaico-cristão do pecado original? Antes, creio eu, expressão de uma mesma realidade, porém num plano menos profundo, menos abrangente, já que os gregos concebiam a transcendência de uma maneira mais, por assim dizer, naturalista; isto é, como algo que se passaria em um mundo quase que contíguo a este aqui.

I'm paying off my MBA so I can only take a couple writing classes; the rest I need to learn with low cost. I looked up standard college literature to help with this goal. I found this website listing standard reading: http://www.elon.edu/e-web/academics/e.... I plan to read the bold-faced books next year.

You can get many free books on Gutenburg Pro, an app I downloaded for iOS.

I didn't think I would like this because incest disgusts me, although I do live in Kentucky, famed for the blue mountain people. I see what Aristotle referred to as Revelation (which I call, 'Luke, I am your Father' moments) and Reversals, known now as plot twists. This had both. An excellent piece.

You can read it in a couple hours, well worth your time. I highly recommend this. If you've developed a vivid imagination from reading, you may feel you watch this from a professional performing arts center with full music and choir and professional dramatic acting, and a weeping audience.

“Aunque tú tienes vista, no ves en qué grado de desgracia te encuentras ni dónde habitas ni con quiénes transcurre tu vida.”

Con Edipo Rey me llevé una gran sorpresa para bien. El no conocer casi nada de lo que iba el argumento de esta obra me ha hecho disfrutarla aún más.

Coincido con los comentarios que he podido revisar después de mi lectura: la representación de una persona que no puede huir de su propio destino, un destino que ha sido escrito y no puede ser cambiado. La sucesión de acontecimientos en esta historia demuestra claramente esta situación.

Ahora no recuerdo bien, pero creo que este es mi primer acercamiento a un autor de la Grecia Antigua, aunque con tal elección fue desde luego un buen comienzo.

The Ultimate of Greek Tragedies
8 April 2012

ttThis play is so messed up that a part of me says that it has to be based on true events. It is sort of like one of the arguments that people use regarding the authenticity of the Bible: every character (with the exception of Jesus Christ) is so flawed that one cannot consider that the stories have been made up. In particular we see the heroes of the Israelite nation, that being Abraham, Moses, and David, warts and all. However when us consider the Grecian myths we suddenly discover similar things here.

tThe story of Oedipus is that his parents received a prophecy that their child would kill his father and marry his mother, Laius, Oedipus' dad, and king of Thebes, pinned the child's legs together and left him to die on Mount Cithaeron. However, unbeknownst to him a shepherd found the boy, took him into his care, and then sent him to the city of Corinth to be raised by the king and queen there. However, years later when Oedipus had come of age, during a feast a man got too drunk and blurted out that Oedipus' parents weren't his true parents. Despite their pleading Oedipus left Corinth and travelled to Delphi to ask the oracle the truth. The Pythian Oracle, as usual, did not give him a straight answer and simply repeated the prophecy to Oedipus. As such, he decided not to return to Corith but to flee so as not to kill whom he believed where his parents.

tHowever on his way out of Delphi he is confronted by a rather arrogant man who demanded that Oedipus move out of the way. Oedipus tells him to bugger off and a fight ensures resulting in Oedipus' victory. He then arrives at Thebes while the city is being tormented by a sphinx who has a riddle that nobody knows the answer, but Oedipus correctly guesses it, kills the sphinx, and when word is brought about Laius' death Oedipus marries Jocastra, and lives happily ever after.

tActually they don't because without realising it the prophecy has been fulfilled. Further a great crime has been committed, and since a father murderer is living in Thebes the entire city is struck with a plague. Oedipus, who has become king, and is the hero of the city, decides to investigate. However his investigations quickly uncover a truth that is hidden from him and upon learning of this truth, namely that he killed Laius, who turns out to be his father, and married his wife, Jocastra, who turns out to be his mother, he is struck with the guilt of what has come about, Jocastra kills herself and Oedipus rips out his eyes and exiles himself from Thebes.

tWell, I have just told you the plot of the play without actually saying anything about the themes in the play. Well, there are two reasons why I outlined the plot, one being that it is a very complicated plot, and secondly to demonstrate how messed up everything is. This is not a simple Hollywood plot where everything is resolved in the end and everybody goes away happy. In fact it does not seem that there was really anything that Oedipus could have done to get himself out of the mess that he found himself in. In fact it seems that the more he attempts to get out of it the deeper the hole that he digs for himself, but it is not as if he could avoid doing it. He flees because he doesn't want the prophecy to come true, but there is a lot that he does not know and a lot that he is not being told. His step parents are not telling him the truth, and in hiding the truth, they are also making the prophecy come true. As for Laius, once again, everything that he does only serves to make the prophecy come true. While he attempts to kill his son, this fails because of the compassionate nature of humanity. It is the shepherd's compassion that prevents him from leaving Oedipus alone on Cithaeron.

tThe essay question that I answered on this play involved the question of fate and freewill. However there really does not seem to be any freewill here. Every decision that Oedipus makes only brings the revelation closer to being revealed. As a good king he simply cannot ignore the plague, and as a good king, he cannot do anything but seek justice and cleanse the city, despite the fact that he is the root cause of the problem. Despite the curse that he calls on the perpetrator, he must suffer the punishment himself, despite the pleas to the contrary. Oedipus is a just king, but despite his actions it is only when the fog is cleared and the truth comes out that he discovers that he is the perpetrator. Hey, he didn't even realise that the guy that he encountered at the crossroads was the king of Thebes, and his father.

tAristotle in his Poetics writes that characters in a drama should have a fatal flaw, but nobody seemed to have told Sophocles that. Granted Ajax may have had a fatal flaw, but Ajax is not Shakespeare, and is dealing with an issue that has nothing to do with his character. Ajax is dealing with PTSD (though not by that name) and Oedipus does not seem to have that fatal flaw. In reality, other than killing Laius at the crossroads (though some could argue that he did so in self-defense), Oedipus has done nothing wrong. In fact, if he had not investigated the cause of the plague then he would have been negligent. No, it is not Oedipus that has done anything wrong, but rather his ancestors. Laius is cursed and I believe that going up the ancestral chain further we come to a situation where an ancestor fed human flesh to another human, mostly as payback (I can't remember off hand who it was, it could have been Thyestes, but it could have been somebody else - one of Agamemnon's line is also guilty of a similar offense). In a sense then it is not the actions of Oedipus that brings about his suffering and downfall, but that of his father, and of his father's father. Poor Oedipus is only caught in the middle.

tOne might wonder what was so appealing about a story that everybody knows. Well, it is the same with us. When we look through the video store at all the movies available we discover that the plots of each and every one of those movies are pretty much the same. It is not the question of the plot, but how we get to the ending, and how the movie ends. We pretty much know that in around 90% of the movies available the good guys win and the hero gets the girl. We know that so we don't watch the movie for that, but rather how they get there, and how the good guys win. This was the same for the Greeks, and it is fortunate that we have versions of the Electra from the three great playwrights. In this we can see how the actual event differs and how each of the playwrights treated the subject. No doubt with Oedipus, both Aeschylus and Euripides would have explored different themes, and painted Oedipus in a different light, so that despite knowing the outcome, we arrive there through a different method.

Σύμφωνα με τον Αριστοτέλη το συγκεκριμένο έργο αποτελεί την τελειότερη τραγωδία. Έχει μια στυνομική πλοκή, διαπνέεται απο μια μεγαλειώδη τραγικότητα και ειρωνεία, λογοτεχνικά παιχνίδια και συμβολισμούς(σταυροδρόμι=σημείο μοιραίων αποφάσεων/Οιδίποδας=αυτός που έχει πρησμένα πόδια+ γνωρίζει και το τρίτο πόδι του αινίγματος της Σφήκας). Ο Σοφοκλής ενδιαφέρεται για τα όρια της ανθρώπινης γνώσης. Πόση αλήθεια μπορεί να αντέξει ο άνθρωπος ?? Εξέρχεται ηττημένος αλλα πιο σοφός. Η τύφλωση του περα απο το οτι προκαλεί τον έλεο στον θεατή, συμβολίζει και την εσώτερη συνειδητοποίηση της αλήθειας ( η όραση δεν του χρησιμεύει πλεόν, έχει ανακαλύψει αυτό που ζητά). Οι θεοί συντρίβουν τον Οιδίποδα υπογραμμίζοντας το εφήμερο της ευτυχίας, την τραγικότητας της ύπαρξης(εδώ δεν υπάρχει η σωτηρολογία των θρησκειών). Όμως ο Οιδίποδας πορεύεται ελεύθερα στο μονοπάτι που επέλεξε κρίνοντας και αποφασίζοντας χωρις έξωθεν παρεμβάσεις. Ο λιμός θα είναι απλά η η αφορμή και ο τρόπος των θεών για την αποκατάσταση της κοσμικής τάξης. Εδώ οι Θεοί σε οδηγούν στην γνώση μεσα απο τον πονο, την ντροπή, και τέλος την λυτρωση. Προσπαθούν να σε κάνουν κάτοχο της αλήθειας δι' ελέου και φόβου. Ο Οιδίποδας χωρίς να το γνωρίζει έχει διαπράξει θηριωδίες και πρέπει να απομονωθεί απο τους ανθρώπους. Και θα το κάνει γιατι ενω δεν είναι ένοχος (αφου δε γνώριζε τι έκανε) θα αυτοτυφλωθεί και θα εξοριστεί λογω ντροπής. Σύμφωνα με τον Νίτσε η τραγωδία είναι σύζευξη του έλλογου με το ενστικτώδες στοιχείο. Ο λόγος υπάρχει για να τιθασεύσει το άγριο ένστικτο. Ο Σοφοκλής θεωρείται δικαίως ο καλύτερος τραγικός συνδυάζοντας το θείο(Αισχύλος) με τον ανθρωπισμό και τα παθη(Ευρυπίδης) σε ένα απο τα πιο συγκλονιστικά έργα που γράφτηκαν ποτέ.

إنني أريد أن أعرف الحقيقة -»
- ليتك لا تعلمها»
جحيم المعرفة، ونعيم الجهل. هذا هو ما تدور عنه القصة ههنا. تحكي المسرحية عن أوديب البطل الذي يحكم عليه أبوه طفلًا بأن يقتل، أملًا في تجنب المصير الأسود الذي تنبأ به أبولون له ولولده، بأن سيقتل على يديه ويضاجع ابنه زوجته. يبعد الطفل مع راعٍ على أمل أن يتكلف هو بقتله لكنه سرعان ما يهبه لأحد الجوالة فيأخذه ملك كورنت بوليبوس ويعنى به ويتخذه وليًا للعهد من بعده، ينبو إلى سمع أوديب هواجس من حاشية الملك تشكك في بنوته، فيهرب أوديب من عاره، ليلاقي مصيره الذي تنبأ له به أبولون اللعين.
المسرحية تصور أزمة الإنسان الشديدة وتخبطه بين مصير محكوم غليه وبين إرادة بشرية جاهلة طائشة لا يحكمها سوى التخبط والعماء. يسبح أوديب في بحر من النسيان والتيه والتشتت والتشرد حتى، يجهل مصيره ويلعن أبولون والآلهة، يحاكم الإله والآلهة، ويعاتب زيوس - أو ذوس، كما ترجمها طه حسين - لكتابته مثل هذا المثير على عبده الوفي، ويلوم قدره الذي أسلمه لكل هذا الجهل والبعد والأذى، ويلوم نفسه حتى لرغبتها الشديدة في معرفة الحقيقة، الحقيقة التي أنبأه الكاهن أنها لم تكن يومًا في صالحه
يطمح الإنسان دومًا للحقيقة، لكته لا يدري بأن الحقيقة تلك هي تحقق فناءه وشقاؤه على أيدي القدر التي لا ترحم.
يقول أوديب في ما يقارب نهاية المسرحية :"من بين كل تلك المصائب، ألا تعد تلك التي يرتكبها المرء عن إرادة هي الأفظع"؟

Οἰδίπους Τύραννος = Oedipus Tyrannus = Oedipus = Oedipus Rex = Oedipus the King (The Theban Plays #1), Sophocles

Oedipus the King, is an Athenian tragedy by Sophoclesو that was first performed around 429 BC. Oedipus sent his brother-in-law Creon to ask advice of the oracle at Delphi concerning a plague ravaging Thebes.

Creon returns to report that the plague is the result of religious pollution, since the murderer of their former King, Laius, had never been caught. Oedipus vows to find the murderer and curses him for causing the plague. ...

عنوانهای چاپ شده در ایران: «ادیپ شهریار»؛ «ادیبوس شاه»؛ «ادیبوس شهریار»؛ تاریخ نخستین خوانش روز بیست و ششم ماه آگوست سال1974میلادی؛ و بار دیگر سال2007میلادی

عنوان: ادیپ شهریار؛ نویسنده: سوفوکلس؛ مترجم: شاهرخ مسکوب؛ در96ص؛ چاپ دوم با عنوان: ادیب در کلنوس؛ در212ص؛ موضوع: نمایشنامه های نویسندگان یونان - سده پنجم پیش از میل��د

عنوان: ادیپ شهریار؛ نویسنده: سوفوکل؛ مترجم: فاطمه عربی؛ استهبان، سال1387؛ در72ص؛ شابک9786005209006؛

عنوان: ادیبوس شاه؛ مترجم: ساسان قاسمی؛ تهران، جعفری، سال1387؛ در132ص؛ شابک9789646088733؛

عنوان: ادیبوس شهریار؛ مترجم: تهران، پژواک کیوان؛ سال1389؛ در14ص؛ شابک9789648727890؛

قسمتی از نمایشنامه
.همسرایان: می‌خواهیم حقیقت هیاهویی را که تا به امروز بر سر زبانهاست بدانیم
..ادیپوس: وای بر من
.همسرایان: آرام باش تمنا می‌کنم
..ادیپوس: بسیار ناهنجار است. باری می‌گویم. من نارواترین بیداد را بر خود هموار کردم. من ستمی ناسزاوار بر خود هموار کردم. خدا می‌داند که اختیاری در کار نبود
.همسرایان: در چه کاری؟
..ادیپوس: در ازدواجی ننگین به خاطر شرم، نادانسته به زناشویی رسوایی دست زدم
.همسرایان: می‌گویند مادرت در این پیوند ننگین همسر تو بود
..ادیپوس: بیاد آوردن آن در حکم مرگ من است. تازه این دو نیز(آنتیگنه و ایسمنه) از آن منند
.همسرایان: نه
..ادیپوس: فرزندان نفرین شده
.همسرایان: آه، خدایا
..ادیپوس: و میوه‌های بطن همان مادر
.همسرایان: دختران تو و
..ادیپوس: خواهرانم! آه خواهران پدر خود
.همسرایان: آیا پدرت را
..ادیپوس: باز هم رنجی دیگر و شکنجه‌ای تازه؟
.همسرایان: تو او را کشتی؟
..ادیپوس: آری اما به حق
.همسرایان: به حق؟
..ادیپوس: آری (ناشناخته، در راه) کسی را کشتم که می‌خواست مرا بکشد

داستان نمایشنامه
تقدیر چنین مقرر کرده‌، که «ادیپ» شهریار، پدر خود را بکشد، و با مادر خویش همبستر شود؛ فرمانیست ظالمانه، و دوزخی؛ این حکم را پدر و مادر ادیب دریافته‌ اند، و برای گریختن از آن، «ادیپ» کودک را، به چوپانی می‌سپارند، تا جانش را بگیرد؛ اما اگر ریختن خون طفلی، بر پدر و مادر او دشوار آید، بر چوپان ساده دلی نیز آسان نیست؛ چوپان لبخند معصومانه ی کودک را می‌بیند، و او را به چوپانی دیگر، از دیار «کرنت» می‌سپارد؛ شبان دوم، او را نزد شاه کشور خویش می‌برد، و کودک در دربار آن شاه، بزرگ می‌شود؛ «ادیب» در دوران جوانی به وسیله ی هاتفان، از سرنوشت خود آگاه می‌شود، و چون پدرخوانده، و مادرخوانده‌ اش را پدر و مادر حقیقی خود می‌پندارد، برای گریز از سرنوشت، از آن دیار می‌گریزد؛ در راه به گردونه ی پیرمردی می‌رسد؛ پس از گفتگویی کوتاه، پیرمرد را (که پدر واقعی او بوده) می‌کشد، و به سوی شهر «تب» می‌تازد؛ بر دروازه ی آن شهر از دیرگاه ابوالهولی بوده، که از مردمان معمائی می‌پرسیده، و چون آنان در پاسخ درمی‌ماندند، طعمه ی مرگ می‌شدند؛ «ادیب» معمای ابوالهول (نماینده تقدیر) را پاسخ درست می‌گوید، و ابوالهول بر خاک می‌افتد؛ ساکنان شهر «تب» به پاس این گره‌گشائی، شهریاری دیار خود را به «ادیپ» می‌بخشند، و دست ملکه ی شهر (مادرادیپ) را، در دست او می‌گذارند؛ پس از سالها فرمانروائی، مرگ، و طاعون بر آن شهر فرود می‌آید؛ و چون «ادیب» خود سبب آن فاجعه را، از معبد کاهنان آپولو می‌پرسد؛ پاسخ می‌شنود که گناهکار باید از میانه برخیزد؛ گناهکاری که پدر خود را کشته، و با مادرش هم‌بستر شده‌ است؛ «ادیپ» در جستجوی گناهکار پلید، پس از ماجراهایی، سرانجام به خود می‌رسد، و چشمهای جهان بین خویش را برمی‌کند

تاریخ بهنگام رسانی 25/09/1399هجری خورشیدی؛ 28/08/1400هجری خورشیدی؛ ا. شربیانی

¡Que buen libro ! Me alegra haberlo rescatado del cajón donde guardaba mis lecturas de instituto. Tiene mucha fuerza.

ولی به‌نظرم اصل داستان اون دانش و داستان پیش‌زمینه‌ایه که خواننده قبل از خوندن نمایشنامه باید بدونه. اصلش ماجرای تقدیر و رها کردن ادیپ و به واقعیت پیوستن پیشگویی بود، این فقط داستان به دانایی رسیدن ادیپ بود. البته کم هم نبود. خدایان واقعاً ناعادل‌اند و زیر سلطه‌ی اونا و تقدیرهاشون ته بی‌انصافیه...
درد داره دونستن.
از خیلی وقت پیش می‌گفتم، کاش احمق بودم و خوشحال. همچین داستانی اصلاً تو ذهنم نبود و به هدف دیگه‌ای اینو می‌گفتم. اما واقعاً بیاید و ببینید، آدم احمق باشه و ندونه دلش خیلی خوش‌تره.

این نمایشنامه رو با ترجمه‌ی شاهرخ مسکوب خوندم که بسیار زیبا بوده و دوست داشتم.

if you see me building a shrine for Sophocles, mind your business, i'm too in love with this man

Beware: spoilers

I, too, would gouge out my eyes and flee my hometown if I found out I married my long-lost relative.

The Moirai (or Fates as they're more commonly known) played a cruel joke on Oedipus.

My childhood nemesis got married to her second cousin, but that's not as bad as what Oedipus did.

I have a soft spot for Oedipus because he is the father/brother of Antigone, my favorite heroine. Yes, he is her father AND brother.

People who know nothing about Oedipus:

n  n

Oedipus finds out his wife is also his mother, his children are also his siblings, his brother-in-law is also his uncle and the man he killed on the road was his father.

Is it wrong to laugh at this?

The fact he killed his father over road rage is the most Greek mythology thing I've ever read. Oedipus narrowly avoids being hit by his biological father's chariot at an intersection. The only logical solution is to kill Laius and his entourage. Common sense has no place in Greek mythology.

Why does everyone refer to this as a tragedy when it's obviously a dark comedy?

This reminds me of the Foo Fighters music video 'Walk,' where Dave Grohl experiences an existential crisis while stuck in traffic.

Let's rewind to the beginning.

There once was a king named Laius who ruled over Thebes. Laius had a beautiful wife named Jocasta and all the wealth and power he could desire. If this was a Disney movie, Laius and Jocasta would have a happily-ever-after ending. Unfortunately for Laius, he was a supporting character in someone else's (Greek) tragedy.

After receiving an oracle from Delphi, he was warned that if he had a child, the child would kill him and marry his wife. Can you tell where this is going? Laius got drunk one evening and forgot he wasn't supposed to have sex. We've all been there.

The oracle: don't have sex
Laius and Jocasta: what if we have sex, and if we conceive a child, we'll hire a shepherd to leave it on a mountain to die?

I find it amusing that the solution to all problems is abandoning a child on a mountain. It is reminiscent of what Priam and Hecuba did to Paris.

n  n

Several months later, baby Oedipus is born. Fearing the prophecy, Jocasta gives her child to a shepherd to be exposed on the mountainside. The shepherd takes pity on the child and gives him to another shepherd, who gives the child to the childless king and queen of Corinth.


Oedipus is raised by his adoptive parents in Corinth. He is happy until he consults the Delphi oracle, who predicts that he will kill his father and sleep with his mother. (In the days before Google, people relied on the oracle for information). Oedipus felt afraid and decided to nope out of Corinth to protect his 'parents.'

Long story short, Oedipus and his biological father meet on a random road, get into an argument, and Oedipus kills him. Road rage - claiming victims since the Heroic Age. Fate brings Oedipus to Thebes, where he becomes king and marries his mother, Jocasta, fulfilling the prophecy.

They have four children - Eteocles, Polynices, Ismene, and my beloved Antigone. Eteocles and Polynices are power-hungry idiots, Ismene is useless, and Antigone is a certified badass. That's all I have to say about that.

Throughout the book, Oedipus denies the truth and seeks reassurance that he didn't kill his father or marry his mother. Denial, thy name is Oedipus. Eventually, he accepts that he F up big time.

n  n

I shouldn't find a book that deals with attempted filicide, parricide, and incest funny, but I do.

Upon discovering the truth, Oedipus becomes furious and demands his sword to kill Jocasta. I can't help but imagine the poor servants who had to witness this unholy family drama unfold.

Luckily for him, she unalived herself. Oedipus is overcome by sadness. I'm not sure why. Just a moment ago, he was about to attack her with his sword. Anyway, he finds Jocasta dead and gouges out his eyes with the pins from her dress. Can this guy be any more dramatic?

Oedipus, saying goodbye to his daughters/half-sisters, Antigone and Ismene: Our family is messed up, and for that, I apologize. I can't be your dad anymore. I've asked your uncle Creon to take care of you. Farewell.

Me, having read Antigone:

n  n

After discovering the truth about his past, Oedipus decides to leave Thebes and go into self-imposed exile.


Upon reading it for the second time, do you know what I realized? If ancient Greece had traffic regulations, none of this would have occurred. Oedipus would not have killed his father and banged his mother if there were traffic lights and pedestrian crossings on the road. The absence of modern technology has led to all this drama.

this fucked me right up.