I generally think of Franzen as a kind of neo-Victorianist writer. His work is pretty good, though perhaps not quite as excellent as his reputation suggests. In my opinion, being a neo-Victorianist is a compliment. It means he is interested in creating novels that chronicle the full range of society. He wants to展示 the powerful and the powerless, the wealthy and the poor, the beautiful and the ugly. In this regard, as I see it, he mirrors the superior work of his one-time classmate Donna Tartt in her wonderful The Goldfinch. However, looking at this early novel of his, I can see that the path he took to reach that point went through a period of semi-clumsy post-modernism.
At least that's my excuse for what would otherwise just be a fundamental clumsiness in a novel that has a lot to recommend it. This one opens with Eileen Holland observing her brother. But that's misleading because it's Louis Holland who is the much more central character. That is, until the focus switches inexplicably to his one-time girlfriend Renee Seitchek. Then she's the focus until she isn't. And then, for a time, we get the world as seen through the eyes of a raccoon.
If memory serves, Franzen has much more narrative control by the time he gets to The Corrections and Freedom. He knows his characters and themes more clearly and balances those interests. Here, it feels unplanned, unless it's actually a hip, post-modern world showing a kind of contempt for conventional narrative structuring. We also see the same short-attention-span tendency in the themes. This novel reflects on environmental degradation, anti-choice militancy, the surprising reasonableness of evangelistic Christianity, and the plight of women in the business world. It would all be earnest except that it seems ironic, which only makes it seem more serious. Ah, the charms of elementary post-modernism.
I say all this with frustration because you can see many of the elements that make Franzen's later work so much more successful. He shows us a wide range of characters and perspectives. He engages with significant social issues. He is often funny and legitimately serious. I understand this novel has its big supporters, but I don't quite see it. Maybe it's just that some of our best writers get the chance to publish their just-past-juvenilia work and then have the opportunity to grow in the public eye with their later work. To be fair, little of it is as strong as Franzen at his strongest.
Achtung! This is quite a toxic read in parts. Jonathan Franzen's second opus is in many ways a precursor to both "The Corrections" and "Freedom." The broken environment is closely intertwined with JF's general theme of the broken family. The Holland clan not only destroys each other but also ruins the environment by dumping toxic waste in deep soil layers, provoking an earthquake that levels parts of Boston, including the family seat. Geologist Renée Seitchek is on the trail of the scandal and wins over family rebel Louis, who prefers to work for an underfunded local station rather than live off dirty money. Louis, whose academic career was cut short by unfounded rape accusations at his university in Houston, would rather work as an underpaid technician than engage in the family empire. However, the lost son's interest in uncovering the environmental scandal is more due to his sense of revenge against his mother/sister than his love for Renée or any journalistic ethos. JF denies his flawed hero the idealistic mantle and most readers the identification, especially when the love with Renée takes a rather violent turn.
Special Prize for Bad Sex. "Aha, a precursor of Chip," readers of "The Corrections" will say upon seeing certain parallels. But poor Louis also gets his share of Gary in the relationship department. Renée has his child aborted and thus becomes the target of militant anti-abortion activists who are not afraid to use firearms. But when it comes to love, everything must go exactly according to her will. And the argumentative geologist and passionate punk has no time for tenderness at all: "Renee took off her glasses and lay down beside him on the living room floor. When they kissed, he rubbed the bulging seam of her jeans between her legs, below the zipper." This demand for unconditional attention at the breakfast table is the only sublime moment in this relationship. But when Louis refuses to hit her a little or at least bite her, the withdrawal of love follows immediately. This kind of eroticism was probably not to every woman's taste, nor to mine. I am anything but a proponent of "clean romance," but with what goes on between the two in terms of mutual violence to get Madame going, I'm hardly surprised that they both don't suffer serious head injuries with each encounter. The scenes between Louis and Renée win the special prize for particularly bad sex for me, despite Peter Nadas' several hundred pages of continuous "long fuck."
Narcissistic Injuries and Ego Balm. Especially when certain motivational problems come into play. Instead of fighting for or with her man, the otherwise so argumentative feminist Renée lays down her weapons as soon as a younger woman appears and makes the man's eyes light up. Louis is in the middle of moving in with Renée when suddenly the old, unattainable love Lauren, who is eight years younger, stands at the door and wants to make up for her mistake. That is, in a therapeutic mission, she wants to take revenge for the accusations that sabotaged Louis' career. A misunderstanding with foreseeable consequences, because the compensation zone ends strictly above the belt. But when Louis returns to his new address, his suitcase with the dirty laundry is in front of Renée's front door. Apparently, the narcissistic injury was too great for Renée, who is programmed for full attention. In the second part, she is equally courted by Louis' mother Melanie and the spiritual leader of a pious group whose trust in God massively crosses the border into idiocy. Because the pious women and militant anti-abortion activists have settled in dilapidated houses in the worst earthquake zone. Since Pastor Philip Stites gets too involved with the woman who wants an abortion, his following runs amok. Renée, who has also made herself unpopular with the chemical giant, gets four bullets at the end of the second part.
The third part describes the prehistory from the time of the Indians. Franzen tries to connect the history of the settlement and exploitation of New England by the whites with the environmental scandal of Sweeting-Algren. The intertwined ecological and family catastrophe is the culmination of a severe earthquake. In this process, JF also pays a wonderful tribute to the American social novels of the first half of the 20th century. Especially successful is the segment with the story of the successful lawyer who marries into a ruined aristocratic family but is never fully accepted by the women, although he is the only breadwinner. He takes a rather perfidious revenge on the haughty and completely unfit-for-life ladies. The revenge story in the style of the era is brilliant. In olden times, JF even allows the exploited man a successful revenge. However, the lawyer also forged the evil chemical company that was supposed to develop, among other things, the infamous defoliants of the Vietnam War. The finale, on the other hand, is a really nasty bang-boom-pow. And of course, the lovers find each other again. The bullet scars function as a special aphrodisiac in the tenderest scene:
"Her pubic hair appeared to him as a thing of incredible beauty. (…) With all the fatty tissue exposed, the individual muscles on her arms and legs showed in their slender, fillet-like splendor. Her abdominal scar described a large circle of healed wound that started from a point below the breastbone and ran under the ribs to the spine. Whether it was appropriate or not, his bouncing penis became completely hard as he turned her body and followed the sinuous path of the scar, her purple and red runes, through her various zones. (…) He licked over the cool scar of the chest incision. He kissed the wildly jagged star of the exit wound under her right breast. A bullet had come out here and taken bone chips and parts of the lung tissue with it (…) She played with his penis, opened the ring of her thumb and index finger, and pulled the thick, clear secretion into threads..."
The whole scene stretches over more than two pages and remains as a final impression and a warning against a read that is quite toxic in parts. If someone absolutely needs a comparative evaluation to the bestseller, then I would even call "The Corrections" a step forward.
The story is dense with intertwined narratives and a couple of climaxes that bring to the fore the contradictions of a modern American metropolis. Here, individuality, immediate material gain, and cheap pleasures find a comfortable space to thrive upon people who live this way simply because they are accustomed to it, as well as upon those who approach their lives as a business plan.
The story didn't require a happy ending. It was more about presenting the raw and complex reality of this urban environment. The characters, with their various motives and desires, added depth to the overall picture. Some were driven by the pursuit of wealth and status, while others were content with the simple pleasures that came their way. The city itself seemed to be a character, pulsating with life and energy, yet also harboring its own set of problems and inequalities.
Despite the lack of a traditional happy ending, the story left the reader with a sense of understanding and reflection. It made one question the values and priorities that govern our lives in such a fast-paced and materialistic world. Maybe, in the end, it's not about finding a happy ending, but rather about learning to navigate the complexities of life and finding meaning and purpose in the midst of it all.