An Introduction to the Music of Milton Babbitt

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In this celebration of Milton Babbitt's art, Andrew Mead explores the development of a central figure in contemporary American music. As a teacher and writer, Babbitt has influenced two generations of students, including such notable musicians as Stephen Sondheim and Donald Martino. He has helped establish the study of music theory as a serious academic pursuit, and his articles on Schoenberg, Stravinsky, and the twelve-tone system constitute a seminal body of research. But Babbitt is first and last a composer, whose works are, in Mead's words, "truly music to be heard." With Mead as a guide, we discover the strong emotional and expressive charge of Babbitt's music that is inextricably entwined with its structure.

Babbitt is a twelve-tone composer, unabashedly so, and it is precisely his profound understanding of Arnold Schoenberg's epochal insight that gives Babbitt's music its special quality. By examining the underlying principles of twelve-tone composition, Mead allows us to appreciate Babbitt's music on its own terms, as a richly varied yet unified body of work. In achieving this purpose, he provides an excellent introduction to twelve-tone music in general. Without relying on professional jargon, he lucidly and succinctly explains Babbitt's complexities. A catalog of compositions, a discography, and a bibliography complete a book that will interest performers, music theorists, and music historians, as well as other readers who are enthusiastic or curious about contemporary musical works.

Originally published in 1994.

The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

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July 15,2025
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Some books are read for business purposes rather than for pleasure. As a result, it doesn't seem fair to assign a "rating" to this book.

In a sense, it is indispensable as a pioneering survey of Babbitt's music up to that point. I was able to gain a decent understanding of Babbitt's compositional "habits", which were neatly periodized into early, middle, and late periods.

I wouldn't have been able to get through this book without first reading Babbitt's own "Words About Music", which, although still dense, was written in a livelier and more casual style. I didn't mind as much when things went over my head in that book. Professor Mead knows what he's talking about and presents everything precisely, but I have to admit that I find it awfully dry. The examples are dense, and I often only glanced at them without thoroughly examining the tables and charts to confirm that a particular line pair split between the saxophone and the lower register of the piano was combinatorial.

Perhaps my main criticism is that the analyses focus mostly on the (pitch-class) arrays. Although Mead notes that an analysis of the array of a piece is not the same as an analysis of the piece itself, a large portion of the text is dedicated to describing how those arrays are used, with the musical effect only sometimes being explained. At times, it is indeed illuminating (such as the final analysis of "Soli e Duettini" and the comparisons of superarray disposition in three late concerted works) - but this level of technical detail far outweighed any further interpretation. (I wonder if Babbitt et al. would have objected to that kind of "subjective" analysis.)

(As much as I hate to be that person, some of the things are like... this final section of "Post-Partitions" indexes other sections by playing dyads from other parts of the piece! No one can hear that, but what do I know? Once upon a time, I couldn't follow a sonata.)

Anyway, it would have been nice to have more discussion specifically about rhythm. The time-point technique is introduced and expanded upon, but I think that usually, the rhythmic aspects of a piece are described almost as an afterthought, supporting larger pitch-related structures rather than carrying the ear along the flow of the music (in my opinion).

The focus is also spent largely on instrumental works; the electronic works are not given much discussion at all, nor is much attention given to the texted works as such.

I'm glad I read it, but I will only be referring back to it for reference.
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