Certitude is analyzed in terms of the logical structures that determine the presence of security both in discourse and in thought and action, as well as the approximation to truth. Written at the end of his life, I would have expected the volume to be filled with that fear which, I believed, people feel unconsciously and express through a monumental logorrhea and an all-consuming desire to say everything, to leave their share of wisdom to the world. I encountered the calmness of a man perhaps too conscious to be afraid. The book deals with problems of the philosophy of action, revolving around the idea that doubt must be eliminated in certain contexts to make room for human practices. The game of uncovering the truth is one without end. Doubt, also a human practice and a component part of action, will follow us wherever we go.

The pursuit of certitude is a complex endeavor. It involves not only the examination of logical structures but also an understanding of how these structures influence our thoughts, actions, and communication. Wittgenstein's work on the philosophy of action delves deep into this topic, exploring the role of doubt and its relationship to human practices. By eliminating doubt in specific situations, we can create a space for meaningful action and progress. However, it is important to note that the search for truth is an ongoing process, and doubt will always be a part of it. We must learn to embrace doubt and use it as a tool for growth and discovery.

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This text presents some very interesting ideas that, while not entirely understood, offer valuable food for thought. The note-y and aphoristic form can be a bit rambling at times, but it does manage to convey two main points. Firstly, the word "know" does not have a universal or philosophical meaning. Its usage varies greatly depending on the context of inquiry. For example, in a conversation, the meaning of "know" can change from one instance to another. Secondly, belief is considered more fundamental than doubt. This seems to follow from the idea that action is the most fundamental. It is indeed true that we often believe things before we doubt them. Everything we say presupposes certain truths. However, what makes the author's ideas interesting is that his concept of belief and truth makes these concepts more illustrative rather than achievement terms. To "believe" or "know" something to be "true" means that we are able to interact with the world differently, perhaps more effectively. This point, however, remains a bit confusing, as it seems to suggest that there are only conceptual schemes at a super micro level and that they are more action-based.

As is often the case with Ludwig Wittgenstein (LW), I'm facing difficulties in precisely articulating what I consider to be "valuable" in his work. I'm concerned that he might be overly quietist.

However, simultaneously, I have the impression that LW is delineating the conceptual boundaries of human thought in a way that no one else has managed. Since his notes on this topic were not originally intended for publication, they can sometimes seem repetitive and disorganized.

Nonetheless, his fundamental points regarding the nature of certainty, knowledge, and doubt strike me as "right," and they make me question the value of current projects in epistemology, unless they are of a more applied nature. The prose has moments of brilliance, although it is not as consistently outstanding as some of his other works.

What is most attractive and beautiful here is the emphasis on the primacy of action as a necessary starting point for human endeavors. There is something about LW's approach that reveals basic, perhaps even obvious, truths in a manner that gives them significance and makes everything "click."

Update: After a second reading, I gained a lot more insights. His similarity with Quine's ontological relativity is truly fascinating. Additionally, his conception of "I know" as a means of adding emphasis seems interestingly similar to Brandom's account of "is true."

Other reviewers offer more comprehensive remarks.

Wittgenstein presents us, in these notes from his final year, with a peek into a philosopher's psyche. We pose countless questions, at times seemingly repeating the same query over and over. However, as every philosopher is aware, the same words arranged twice very probably convey a slightly different meaning the second time around due to the intervening context.

I desire that Wittgenstein had lived to witness the Apollo landing on the moon. This is because one of his principal examples is the fact that no one had ever been to the moon nor even knew how to reach there. What might he have jotted down in his notebooks regarding that event?

Descartes cannot compare to Wittgensteinian uncertainty or its entertainment worth.

I have read a bit of various materials.

However, my reading has been put on hold since the end of the Wittgenstein class.

This is mainly because I have been occupied with other tasks and responsibilities that have demanded my attention.

The Wittgenstein class was quite intense and thought-provoking, and it left me with a lot to process and reflect upon.

I feel that I need some time to consolidate my understanding and perhaps explore related topics further.

Nevertheless, I still have a strong desire to continue reading and expanding my knowledge.

I hope to be able to pick up where I left off soon and delve deeper into the fascinating world of literature, philosophy, and other disciplines.

Until then, I will try to make the most of my limited free time to engage in some light reading and keep my mind active.

This English volume of Wittgenstein's 'On Certainty' offers profound insights into some of L.W.'s most intricate and stimulating notes regarding knowledge and doubt.

The majority of the dialogues revolve around the bases upon which information or knowledge can be considered certain within two distinct contexts. Firstly, in 'language games', which pertain to the everyday utilization of knowledge and certainty. Here, we explore how we employ and understand knowledge in our ordinary lives.

Secondly, in metaphysical philosophy, especially in response to G.E. Moore's remarks on the subject, such as "I know that that is a tree". This context delves deeper into the philosophical underpinnings and nature of knowledge and certainty.

Overall, this book makes for a great and concise read. It is highly recommended to anyone who has a serious interest in engaging with satiric and thought-provoking philosophic doubt. It challenges our preconceived notions and forces us to think more critically about the nature of knowledge and how we can be certain of anything.

A cryptic, aphoristic work of epistemology, Wittgenstein's draft is truly remarkable.

Despite being just a draft, his genius is evident throughout. Each aphorism seems to hold a profound truth waiting to be discovered.

The rich secondary literature that has emerged around this book further enhances its value. It allows readers to engage with the ideas in a more in-depth way, even if they are simply participating in the discussion.

Studying this work and its related literature can be a rewarding experience, as it challenges our understanding of knowledge and language.

Whether one is a philosopher or simply interested in exploring the nature of thought, Wittgenstein's draft offers a unique and thought-provoking perspective.

It is a work that continues to inspire and influence scholars and thinkers around the world.

Overall, it is well worth the read for anyone looking to expand their intellectual horizons.

I did not obtain my picture of the world by convincing myself of its accuracy; nor do I possess it because I am convinced of its correctness.

No, it is the inherited background against which I differentiate between true and false.

All testing, all confirmation and disconfirmation of a hypothesis occur already within a system. And this system is not a more or less arbitrary and uncertain starting point for all our arguments; no, it pertains to the essence of what we term an argument. The system is not so much the starting point as the element in which our arguments have their vitality.

The child learns to believe a great number of things. That is, it learns to act in accordance with these beliefs. Gradually, a system of what is believed takes shape, and within that system, some things remain unshakably firm while others are more or less prone to change. What remains firm does so not because it is inherently obvious or persuasive; rather, it is held firm by what surrounds it.

This emphasizes the importance of the pre-existing framework and context in our understanding and perception of the world. Our beliefs and the way we evaluate them are deeply influenced by the inherited background and the system within which we operate. It shows that our knowledge and understanding are not simply based on individual verification but are also shaped by the larger context and the web of beliefs that we inherit and build upon.

Wittgenstein would’ve hated Goodreads.

Ludwig Wittgenstein was a philosopher known for his unique and profound thoughts on language, meaning, and philosophy itself. Goodreads, on the other hand, is a platform primarily focused on book reviews and ratings.

Wittgenstein might have despised Goodreads because he believed that language was not simply a tool for communication but a complex and nuanced system that could not be reduced to simple ratings and reviews. He thought that understanding a work of literature required a deep and careful examination of the language and its context, rather than a quick assessment based on personal preferences.

Additionally, Wittgenstein was critical of the idea of reducing complex philosophical ideas to sound bites or summaries. He believed that true understanding could only be achieved through a detailed and rigorous study of the original texts. Goodreads, with its emphasis on short reviews and ratings, might have seemed to him as a superficial and inadequate way of engaging with literature and philosophy.

In conclusion, Wittgenstein's views on language and philosophy suggest that he would not have been a fan of Goodreads. His emphasis on the complexity and nuance of language and the importance of a careful study of original texts stands in contrast to the more simplistic and consumer-oriented approach of the Goodreads platform.

**Title: The Importance of Reading**

Reading is an essential activity that offers numerous benefits.

It allows us to expand our knowledge, explore different cultures, and gain new perspectives.

When we read, we are exposed to a wide range of ideas and information, which helps us to develop our critical thinking skills.

Moreover, reading can be a great source of entertainment and relaxation.

It can transport us to different worlds and let us experience things that we may never have the opportunity to in real life.

In addition, reading can improve our vocabulary and language skills, which are essential for effective communication.

Whether it's a novel, a non-fiction book, or a magazine article, reading has something to offer everyone.

So, make it a habit to read regularly and discover the many joys and benefits that it has to offer.

A book that is accessible and yet precise and detailed regarding the concept of doubt/ certainty.

I read the book for a specific purpose and not out of mere curiosity (!!!), and in the end, I was extremely intrigued, far beyond my expectations.

The book is composed of short segments of a few lines (something similar to Nietzsche's aphorisms), through which Wittgenstein answers the idea of "This is a hand" by G. E. Moore.

However, his analysis goes much deeper than Moore's and is so honest that it can be said that one can always cast doubt and if Moore says "I know..." he is making a crucial statement if he claims to have access to the truth.

Rather, Wittgenstein, in line with his overall philosophical system, says that basically when a child learns the rules of language games, a certain percentage of certainty is also learned; and this certainty, which necessarily does not have an analyzable and provable basis, is necessary for establishing communication.

So, I congratulate the radical skeptics.

Wittgenstein also agrees that doubt cannot be made to disappear completely.

If the duality of doubt/ certainty (which is not necessarily a religious matter - and in fact, in my opinion, is definitely a non-religious and epistemological matter) is a problem for you, the book will be an essential and extremely readable one.

The original article seems to be quite brief and perhaps lacking in detail. Let's expand it to 300 words while maintaining the essence and adding some more context and description.

Once upon a time, there was a story that began in a rather ordinary way. But as it unfolded, it took on a life of its own. The events that followed were filled with excitement, mystery, and a touch of the unexpected. People were drawn into this tale, eager to see what would happen next. The characters were vividly brought to life, each with their own unique personalities and motives. As the story progressed, it led them on a journey that would change their lives forever.

Along the way, there were challenges and obstacles to overcome, but they persevered. The setting was described in such a way that it seemed to leap off the page, transporting the reader to a different world. The author's use of language was masterful, painting a vivid picture in the minds of the readers.

And as the story reached its climax, the tension was palpable. Hearts were pounding, and eyes were glued to the page. Would the characters succeed in their quest? Or would they meet with failure? The answer awaited them, and the readers, in the final pages of this captivating tale.