Friends, human pals, men and brethren, there is no brief, digest, or shorthand way to say where it leads. Crusoe, alone with nature, under heaven, had a busy, complicated time of it with the unhuman itself, and I am in a crowd that yields results with much more difficulty and reluctance and am part of it myself.And wherever one is going one can’t be sure that a blind alley doesn’t lie ahead.
The spirit of man, enslaved, sobs in the silence of boredom, the bitter antagonist. Boredom therefore can arise from the cessation of habitual functions, even though these may be boring too. It is also the shriek of unused capacities, the doom of serving no great end or design, or contributing to no master force. The obedience that is not willingly given because nobody knows how to request it. The harmony that is not accomplished. This lies behind boredom.Fortune and misfortune, adventures and misadventures, conceptions and misconceptions, understanding and misunderstanding: that’s the stuff the human life is made of. Life is a complex tapestry woven with these various elements. It's a journey filled with uncertainties, where the path forward is often obscured. We strive to find our place, to make sense of the chaos around us. But in the end, it's the experiences, both good and bad, that shape us and define who we are. Whether we face success or failure, we continue to move forward, learning from our mistakes and growing as individuals. The picaresque nature of life adds to its charm and makes it a truly unique and remarkable adventure.
I am an American, Chicago-born—Chicago, that somber city—and go at things as I have taught myself, freestyle, and will make the record in my own way: first to knock, first admitted; sometimes an innocent knock, sometimes a not so innocent.
And this is what mere humanity always does. It’s made up of these inventors or artists, millions and millions of them, each in his own way trying to recruit other people to play a supporting role and sustain him in his make-believe. The great chiefs and leaders recruit the greatest number, and that’s what their power is. There’s one image that gets out in front to lead the rest and can impose its claim to being genuine with more force than others, or one voice enlarged to thunder is heard above the others...That’s the struggle of humanity, to recruit others to your version of what’s real.
Looks like I'll have to change my final opinion of Saul Bellow, just as I did with Cormac McCarthy. Last year, I read Henderson the Rain King and Dangling Man, and I couldn't stand either of them. They were both a chore to read, even though Dangling Man was only about 150 pages. Then I read Ravelstein, and although it was more enjoyable, it didn't seem likely to stay with me. I knew I had to give him at least one more chance, since everyone seems to like him so much. The Adventures of Augie March seemed to be the sort of book I'd like: long, picaresque, and ambitious.
And it is all of those. Augie starts the story as a poor kid in Chicago, practically an orphan since his dad is absent and his mom is a quiet, unobtrusive near-invalid. He has a charismatic grandmother, Grandma Lausch, who has great expectations for Augie and his brother Simon. And the whole thing is very much like Great Expectations, actually. It's very much about "please-sir-may-i-have-some-more". And the tone of it is fairly bland and Dickensian, with a "let-me-tell-you-how-this-all-came-to-be" feel. Not very promising. Augie gets taken under the wing of Einhorn, a businessman (of sorts) of uncertain success. He's naturally very enamored of the guy at this point - "William Einhorn was the first superior man I knew." Superior to whom, though? At any rate, the first 150 pages or so are not that promising.
But then Bellow goes crazy. The style changes from decidedly 19th-century to definitively mid-20th. Absurd characters drift in and out of the narrative. Augie travels outside Chicago to various places on various errands, none of which I'll spoil here. A bald eagle named Caligula becomes a prominent character. The writing varies from clear and precise to lofty and/or hallucinogenic. There's this Bellow quote rattling around in my head, something about how only 20,000 people in the world could fully understand his work. I thought that would make sense for Joyce or Faulkner, but Bellow's work always seemed totally straightforward, with no surprises. And I still think that's true of his ideas. It's less true of his syntax and vocabulary, though. He just has a way of expressing images that's totally unique. And at times incomprehensible. But even that's in a good way.
Here's Augie on driving fast: "...Until you noticed how a mile of trees cracked open like a shadow inch of tape, that the birds resembled flies and the sheep birds, and how swift the blue, yellow, and red little bloods of bugs spattered on the glass." What the hell is a shadow inch of tape? I don't know, but I get his whole description. And who would ever say it like that?
And here's one of his character descriptions, which I find inimitable, even in the works of his that I liked less: "Beside his mouth were deep folds and inside them grew little shining bristles, as the geode or marvel of the rock world is full of tiny crystals...His head was onion-shaped and clipped close. In the garden where he was when we met the heat was trembling off the top of his dome." Why gloss the geode as "marvel of the rock world"? Anybody who knows what one is doesn't need the gloss, and anybody who doesn't still won't be able to visualize it. I have no idea, but I still think it's a great paragraph.
Here's a description of Chicago: "...the gray snarled city with the hard black straps of rails, enormous industry cooking and its vapor shuddering to the air, the climb and fall of its stages in construction or demolition like mesas, and on these the different powers and subpowers crouched and watched like sphinxes. Terrible dumbness covered it, like a judgment that would never find its word." Is that like anything else you've ever read? He just manhandles the English language. Twists and tortures it just like Norman Podhoretz said, but in a good way. Tempers it in his crazy head like molten metal in a crucible.
One more example, this one a little lower in brow-level: "There's something about those business envelopes with the transparent oblong address part that my soul runs away from." True of everyone, I'd think, except who has ever said it like that?
But it's not just the style that makes this book great. It's the best example I've seen of a story about a kid who can't, or won't, become an adult. Let's say that the main criterion for becoming an adult is not a certain age (because what age would that be?); let's say it's not having kids (because we know kids can have kids); let's say it's not getting married (because the age of consent in other countries can of course be very low). Let's say instead that you become an adult the moment the rest of your life is, or seems to be, set in stone. Marriage or kids or a career can certainly do this, of course, or contribute. But they don't have to. I'd argue that being an adult takes a certain sense of resignation, as opposed to the pervasive sense of infinite possibility characteristic of kids. But it sounds more bleak than it is: there is stability in resignation. There is comfort. And there's a hell of a lot of dignity.
Augie has many chances for this. Early in the novel he passes up a chance to be adopted by an aristocratic family, and thus a chance to live in the lap of luxury for the rest of his life. He doesn't do this, simply because it would close so many doors to him, or so he thinks. He values freedom more than security or wealth. Then he willingly messes up a chance to attach himself to his brother Simon, whose star is rising, and who remains rich ostensibly past the end of the novel, though not necessarily happy. Augie can't cope with the fact that someday he'll have to let his options for life narrow down to one. And at the end of the book, he's still drifting. He's changed, sure, but not fundamentally. In truth he seems on the fence: he's married but not in such a way that inspires confidence that he'll stay that way. And his job takes him all over, but is a little more stable than what he had through most of the book. So he may be on his way, finally, to adulthood. But there is that uncertainty.
And this ends up being more pertinent than Bellow may have suspected. Kids are staying kids longer now, or so they say. They marry later, divorce earlier, live at home, change careers, tarry in school. All this as resistance to the idea that they may have to resign themselves to one path at some point. They don't want to be stuck. And this is because (and I hate to make this generalization but I do believe it's true) our generation - my generation - has been brought up, like Augie March, to believe that we are special. That we are destined for greatness. That we can have anything we want. That we can be anything we want. And that we don't have to settle for anything less than perfect.
But we do have to settle for less than perfect. That's what being an adult means. And Augie March can help us understand that.
\\"The Adventures of Augie March\\" is an excellent bildungsroman and one of the great novels of American literature in the 20th century. Its appearance did not go unnoticed, and in 1954 it was awarded the National Book Award (the first of three won by Saul Bellow's books). Since then, it has firmly entered the canon of literary history, and I don't think there are reasons to remove it from the list of fundamental books. In my opinion, it is a true masterpiece.
The adventures of Augie March mainly take place in Chicago, but there is also an interesting and somewhat unusual episode that occurs in Mexico, and the end takes place on the European continent, mainly in Paris. However, there is a strong American fiber. In fact, in the preface written by Martin Amis, the writer calls this novel \\"The Great American Novel\\" (the edition I refer to is the one published by Polirom in 2008 in excellent conditions; more recently, the publisher Litera reissued it in a pocket collection, and I'm not sure if it also contains Martin Amis' preface).
The action takes place in the interwar period, but also includes World War II (although Augie wanted to enlist, he never became a real combatant, which does not mean that his life was not seriously endangered during the war) and a kind of epilogue after the end of the world conflict.
The first remarkable character in the book is, of course, Grandma Lausch, the \\"impossible to please\\", who is a kind of supreme dictator (the first in a long list of characters with dictatorial tendencies who will try to dominate poor Augie): \\"With the cigarette between her small black gums, among which all the cunning, malice, and authority peeked out, she had the best moments of strategic inspiration. She was wrinkled like an old paper bag, an autocrat with an iron shell, perfidious, an old Bolshevik hawk and vulture, and she kept her ashen little feet with unmoving soles on the shoe box and the stool made by Simon during his workshop hours, while the sour and fat old Winnie, who filled the apartment with a disgusting smell, sat on the cushion next to her. If the sharpness of the mind does not necessarily go hand in hand with eternal dissatisfaction, this is a truth that I have not learned from an old age. She was impossible to please. For example, Kreindl, a man of hope, Kreindl who always brought us coal when mother was sick and who put Kotzie to make us remedies out of nothing, she called him \\"that Hungarian drags-his-pants\\" or \\"that Hungarian pig\\". She nicknamed Kotzie \\"the baked apple\\"; she called Mrs. Kreindl \\"the secret sow\\", Lubin \\"the son of the shoemaker\\", the dentist \\"the butcher\\", and the butcher \\"that mean crook\\". She couldn't stand the dentist, who several times unsuccessfully tried to make her a prosthesis to measure. She accused him of burning her gums when he took the impression, but she forgot that she had tried to push his hands away from her mouth.\\" In short, a great figure.
The second key character in the book, who will also leave his mark on Augie, is, of course, William Einhorn. Although there is no connection between Grandma Lausch (who is not a direct relative of Augie's family, consisting of his mother and her three sons - Simon, Augie, and Georgie, the last of whom was born with a disability) and Mr. Einhorn, who suffers from a great handicap, being unable to use either his hands or his feet, yet both will manifest as two dictators (in fact, relatively well-intentioned) in relation to our hero: \\"William Einhorn was the first superior man I knew. He had a brain and many businesses, a true talent for organization, philosophical capacity, and if I had been methodical enough to think more before making an important decision and if (N.B.) I had really been his disciple and not what I am, I would have asked myself: \\"What would Caesar accept in this case? What advice would Machiavelli or Ulysses give us?\\" I'm not kidding at all when I add Einhorn to this eminent list. I knew him and through him I understood them.\\" However, the life of the vast majority of Americans will be shaken by the Great Depression, Einhorn's billiard club will go bankrupt, and Augie is very close to definitely losing his life and becoming a criminal.
The next selfish person who will try to impose her good intentions on Augie is Mrs. Renling: \\"This was actually the trouble with Mrs. Renling - you couldn't interrupt or stop her from the pale focus of her concentration. She cooked for you if she wanted, she fed you, she taught you, she instructed you, she played mahjong with you, and you had no way to oppose her, because she had more strength than anyone around her; with her eyes open to the color and the pale, fox-like spots of the pistils that could be seen through the dust on her face or on the back of her hand, among the long and hard rays of the tendons.\\" However, although Mrs. Renling's plan to marry him seems to be just a formality, yet Augie's inclination to say No! will put an end to the domination of this lady. So he will end up living from hand to mouth, will take care of dogs for very small sums of money, will try to steal books to sell them, etc. Poor him! But thus he will also discover the \\"fever of reading\\".
Augie's older brother, Simon, marries Charlotte Magnus, but beforehand, he shows his true face as a scoundrel. Simon becomes the new tyrant of Augie, whom he wants to marry to his wife's sister, Lucy. Which, by the way, also amuses Augie, although he is now part of the labor movement.
The Mexican episode is simply fabulous; Augie goes to Mexico because his new love, Thea, has to sort out some papers with her ex-husband. Thea was part of a club of collectors of rattlesnakes and practiced falconry. Now, with Augie's help, she proposes to train the vulture Caligula. Although it looks very imposing, the vulture will prove to be a coward, a cause of extreme disappointment for Thea. Augie still has a little hope: \\"Caligula is an American buzzard, the strongest and wildest species\\", he says about his bird. But, unfortunately, everything will be in vain. The destiny of Caligula is sealed: he will end up in a zoo.
In a short time, Thea takes up a new occupation, which will far exceed the bearability limit of Augie: rattlesnake hunting. Augie is downright exasperated: \\"Why snakes? Why did she have to go snake hunting? She came back with full bags that oozed and made my intestines react violently; and then she treated them with so much love that I could only see eccentricity in her gesture. You had to be very careful not to provoke her to hit the cage window, because that caused them mouth injuries that healed very hard. And in addition, they had parasites that entered between the scales and had to be powdered or painted with mercurochrome; some had to be given eucalyptus oil inhalations because of the lung problems, because the snakes cause tuberculosis. The hardest thing was when they shed their skin, because they seemed to suffocate when they couldn't detach themselves from it and even their eyes became cloudy with a milky film. Sometimes Thea took the tweezers to help them or covered them with wet towels to moisten the skin, or she took the less clumsy ones into the water and in the water there was a large piece of wood that floated so that the jivina could rest its head when it was tired of so much swimming. But then there came a day when they came out shiny, and the beauty of their ornaments even pleased me, their enemy, and it was a pleasure for me to look at the shed skin behind which they emerged regenerated in all their green or red-speckled splendor, like fruits with seeds or a crust gilded with gold.\\"
But there are also other people with despotic tendencies, so the list never seems to be complete: the millionaire \\"carried with a stretcher\\" Robey, who plans to write a book titled \\"The Hole of the Acorn\\"; the demented biologist or biochemist or \\"psycho-bio-physician\\" Hymie Basteshaw, whose mania for grandeur almost costs the life of poor Augie March. In other words, a gallery of human beings, deeds, and ideas among the most outstanding, but also full of flavor. What else is there and beyond, a truly amazing book. Pleasant reading!