Julia Alvarez's Before We Were Free is a captivating and moving coming-of-age story set in the Dominican Republic during the late 1950s dictatorship. The protagonist, Anita de la Torre, is just twelve years old, but she has already witnessed the sudden disappearances of her family members and the terrifying raids by the secret police on her home. Alvarez delicately balances the joys and sorrows of Anita's late childhood, including her first love and early teenage insecurities, with the external tragedy and the experience of a world falling apart due to random acts of violence. The book is short and easy to read, although it does lose some of its momentum in the middle and fails to offer any truly fresh insights by the end.
One of the remarkable aspects of Before We Were Free is that it is based on the author's personal account. Alvarez was born in the US and then taken to live in the Dominican Republic. She fled the country at the age of ten when her father participated in a failed plot to overthrow the dictator. In the book, Alvarez imagines a girl of twelve, Anita, who finds herself in a similar situation. Anita's uncle has vanished, there are strange sightings in the abandoned house next door, and she befriends the son of an American Ambassador, Sam Washburn. Reading Anita's account is particularly interesting because, despite the difficulties her family faces, she is still a young girl with a childish world view, just on the cusp of adolescence. Despite the forced disappearances and the activities of the secret police in her region, Anita wants to do well in school and be liked by the boys she fancies. In this sense, Alvarez is masterful in blending Anita's childhood/early teenage sense of wonder with the horrific reality that exists outside her home. We often only hear rumors of the terrible things happening because we see the world through Anita's eyes, who is often confined to her house. However, these hints and rumors are sufficient for us to form a general picture of the ruthless dictatorship and the violent persecutions that are taking place outside Anita's safe haven.
The paradox of the book is that Anita says more when she says less. We can understand her inner feelings through the topics she chooses to focus on. Anita fears that her older sister Lucinda will be forcibly taken by the dictator, who has already expressed his interest in her. She also has to be cautious not to reveal the secrets of her family to anyone, such as the fact that her uncle may be nearby. As the possibility of her family escaping to the United States to live free lives looms, Anita realizes that she must grow up quickly and face her responsibilities.
Before We Were Free reads like a YA novel, and in a sense, it is. However, it contains a powerful message that is also relevant to adult audiences. It deals with very serious issues, as seen through the eyes of a child/teenage girl. If the book feels personal, it is because it is - almost entirely so. It is easy to sympathize with Anita's vulnerability, innocence, and her desire for happiness when external forces prevent her from developing and leading the life she wants. Children often experience the effects of conflict and trauma more acutely than adults, and they are more sensitive to everything happening around them. They have to learn by observing others, and when they see fear and distress on their parents' faces, they experience much more than their parents realize. In this sense, Anita's focus on her boy crushes may be her way of trying to concentrate on something other than the grim reality outside, rather than just the typical urges of a teenage girl.
But Before We Were Free is also a book about hope and the importance of never losing it. It is through the strength we find in others that we can also find the courage to face difficult situations. In an interview, the author stated that "Robert Desnos, a French poet who died in a concentration camp, once said that the task of being a human being was 'not only to be one's self, but to become each other'. That is what compassion and freedom are all about." We should not be complacent or indifferent to the pain of others and only react when trouble affects us. Otherwise, we would all be isolated islands, thinking only of ourselves and not connecting emotionally with others who are in need of help.