Siamo soli - "Mi sento come un seme umido e selvaggio nella calda terra cieca"
Faulkner's "As I Lay Dying" is a complex and profound work. Addie Bundren is on the verge of death, and her family is set to fulfill the promise of burying her in Jefferson, her hometown. The journey is filled with challenges as nature, in the form of an alluvion and the overflow of watercourses, tries to block their path, revealing an unheard-of force and violence that transforms the familiar landscapes. However, the promise must be kept, and they must find a new balance.
The writing style of Faulkner is both captivating and challenging. He throws the reader into the events without much explanation, making it like a treasure hunt to piece together the story. The descriptions of the landscapes are vivid, painting a dense atmosphere that makes the reader feel the fetid air of the dark South. The structure of the book, with 15 voices and 59 chapters of monologues, circumscribes a single voice and perspective, highlighting the solitude of each individual. Each character is trapped in their own ideas, emotions, and fears, and as a result, "the reason for living was to prepare to be dead for such a long time."
\\"While I am dying, the woman with the dog's eyes does not close my eyes when I am already descending to Hades\\" Agamemnon to Ulysses, book XI, 'The Odyssey', Homer.
Whenever one undertakes the reading of a book by William Faulkner, whether one knows the author or not, one knows that one will face an interesting literary challenge.
The narrative technique that made Faulkner one of the best American writers of all time distinguishes his literature from the rest, although it has certain ties in common with writers of the caliber of James Joyce, Samuel Beckett, or Virginia Woolf.
Written \\"in six frenzied weeks\\" according to Faulkner in 1930 while he was working as a fireman in a power plant, it was the fifth of his literary production.
This great author, capable of narrating us a story using multiple narrators, fifteen in total, the use of temporal jumps in the story as in \\"The Sound and the Fury\\", his most famous novel, or \\"Light in August\\", and monologues of stream of consciousness, forces us to pay attention to what happens in his novels.
In \\"As I Lay Dying\\", we have a story, that of the Bundren family, a poor family from the south of the United States, who live in a part of the imaginary state of Yoknapatawpha created by the author.
All of them propose to take the recently deceased Addie Bundren from where she is dying and dies to be buried six days later! in the neighboring county of Jefferson, traveling their funeral journey on top of a cart with the simple wooden coffin in which Addie rests in the sun and with an intermediate accident that includes the fall of the cart in the middle of the river and a series of other events that I will not reveal out of respect for those who have not read this novel.
But the most important thing about this and his other stories does not lie precisely in the plot but in the way the events are narrated from the different characters.
That is what makes Faulkner's writing so wonderful.
All of them have protagonism and interference. From the dying Addie Bundren, through her husband Anse Bundren to her children, all of them different and even dysfunctional, like Cash, the eldest who is also a carpenter and builds the rustic coffin to transport his mother; Darl, the most volatile and impulsive who will protagonist a violent act; the supposed illegitimate son of Anse, whose striking name is Jewell (Jewel) due to his health problems, the seventeen-year-old Dell Dewey who carries a secret on her back and finally the youngest, Vardaman, whom the author uses to develop impressive childish monologues, demonstrating how original and versatile he was when it came to writing.
\\"As I Lay Dying\\" develops a complete plot of unique psychologies in the characters and Faulkner wastes them throughout the novel, in the form of a collage while he tells us a story that includes a large number of twists and turns in time that forces us to pay attention.
I notice a similarity between this novel and \\"The Waves\\" by Virginia Woolf and I think they are very similar in terms of discourse.
Every time I pick up a book by William Faulkner, I submit to the same pressures and the same turbulent journeys of his characters and it is those emotions that an author like Faulkner can achieve, and that demonstrate his literary quality and why he is and will continue to be an enormous writer.
Without straying from his inimitable voice, Faulkner presents a more professional and calculated work in As I Lay Dying compared to the previous year's The Sound and the Fury. This novel has more novel-y elements, and Faulkner showcases his mastery of the slow or late-reveal, which can be described as reverse-foreshadowing. For example, he provides a character scene filled with emotion, history, and meaning, but without explaining the context. There is a sense of dramatic electricity, and we expect to understand the situation despite the lack of any adumbrations. This is because Faulkner is not actually hinting at future events; he is showing us something that we cannot understand without the promise of future textual elucidation. We have to trust that he will come through, which he always does via hints that come after the event. This can be a bit uncomfortable and makes the reader reread certain passages obsessively, assuming that something has been missed. However, this way we get to experience the drama first with disorientation rather than with understanding.
I have read several confusing novels, but no writer seems to use this method of disorientation as deliberately and effectively as Faulkner. He puts us at his mercy, making us play by his rules. This aspect can make people uneasy or unhappy with his works, but in reality, it is a gift. It leaves us with the rawness and incomprehensibility of life, which only begin to make sense in hindsight through the functions of memory and our desire to find order and purpose. Along with stream of consciousness, this gives Faulkner as much of a claim to the title of Modernist as any of his contemporaries. He provides us with a hyper-reality via a unique, non-straightforward narrative structure.
Overall, As I Lay Dying is a great book. The characterization is, for the most part, fantastic. The story is told from various points of view, usually in two- or three-page chapters. About ten characters contribute to the story, with Darl being the primary narrator. Darl is the second eldest son of Addie Bundren, the plot-mover of the story. His character arc is perhaps the only thing that keeps this novel from being a masterpiece for me. He is described as intuitive and special, an oddball but a nice and thoughtful kid. His own narration supports this; he is the wise one, the amateur philosopher, and his narration is filled with difficult words and surprisingly correct grammar. However, something happens to him towards the end of the book that didn't quite work for me. Faulkner's main philosophical exploration in this novel is relativity regarding both morals and sanity, and Darl does something that confirms the others' suspicions that he is a little crazy. Given the absurdity of the situation the characters are in, Darl's action actually makes some sense. From a certain point of view, it is perfectly understandable. So far, so good. Only one character, Darl's older brother Cash, recognizes that Darl may not actually be crazy. But then, inexplicably, Faulkner decides that Darl is, in fact, insane. In the course of Darl's final narration, he exhibits previously unseen schizophrenic behavior, complete with nonsensical ramblings addressing himself in the third person. This criticism stems from the contents of a two-page chapter, and fortunately, it can be ignored with a little mental effort. There is also the possibility that I missed some crucial hints in the book due to Faulkner's storytelling style, in which many things only make sense later.
One of the fascinating aspects of this novel is that it can be read as either a tragedy or a black comedy (or a tragicomedy). The case for the former is straightforward considering the events of the book, especially with regard to Darl. The bleak comedic aspect comes from the story's McGuffin - to fulfill Addie Bundren's last wish of being buried in her family's hometown, which becomes increasingly absurd as it proves logistically improbable to carry out. All kinds of misfortunes occur as a result of her spineless husband's uncharacteristic firmness in fulfilling this wish, a resolve that is made even more unbelievably absurd by the book's final five words. It is all too tragic to be funny, but it is pure genius.