En una serie de ensayos magistrales sobre la cultura de masas -en los que analiza la estructura del mal gusto, la lectura de los cómics, el mito de Superman, la canción de consumo, el papel de los medios audiovisuales como instrumento de información o el influjo de la televisión en el mundo de hoy-, Eco se plantea el problema central de la doble postura ante la cultura de la de los apocalípticos, que ven en ella la «anticultura», el signo de una caída irrecuperable, y la de los integrados, que creen optimistamente que estamos viviendo una magnífica generalización del marco cultural.
Umberto Eco was an Italian medievalist, philosopher, semiotician, novelist, cultural critic, and political and social commentator. In English, he is best known for his popular 1980 novel The Name of the Rose, a historical mystery combining semiotics in fiction with biblical analysis, medieval studies and literary theory, as well as Foucault's Pendulum, his 1988 novel which touches on similar themes. Eco wrote prolifically throughout his life, with his output including children's books, translations from French and English, in addition to a twice-monthly newspaper column "La Bustina di Minerva" (Minerva's Matchbook) in the magazine L'Espresso beginning in 1985, with his last column (a critical appraisal of the Romantic paintings of Francesco Hayez) appearing 27 January 2016. At the time of his death, he was an Emeritus professor at the University of Bologna, where he taught for much of his life. In the 21st century, he has continued to gain recognition for his 1995 essay "Ur-Fascism", where Eco lists fourteen general properties he believes comprise fascist ideologies.