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97 reviews
April 26,2025
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"Y esta, consideré, sería la menor de mis desgracias, puesto que siendo los humanos, tal como se ha comprobado, más salvajes y crueles cuando mayor es su tamaño. ¿qué podía esperar yo que no fuera el convertirme en un simple bocado en las fauces del primero de aquellos gigantes que me atrapara?"

“Los viajes de Gulliver” es del tipo de libros que podrían agruparse con otros relatos de viajes para ser leídos en cadena, puesto que las experiencias que se narran en ellos en general son afines entre sí.
Por la naturaleza de lo que sucede en él, se pueden establecer relaciones entre éste libro y “Robinson Crusoe”, de Daniel Defoe, a partir de las experiencias de Lemuel Gulliver como náufrago en varias ocasiones, o “La isla del tesoro” de Robert Louis Stevenson e incluso por el tipo de personajes con los que Gulliver se encuentra con el libro “Alicia en el país de las maravillas” de Lewis Carroll y por qué no con aquellas novelas sobre los avances científicos escritas por Julio Verne ("Veinte mil leguas de viaje submarino"), más precisamente cuando describe la isla flotante de Laputa y también de ciertos acercamientos a aquellos libros que pertenecen a la ciencia ficción -se me ocurre "Crónicas Marcianas" de Ray Bradbury- dado que por momentos lo que Gulliver narra en cada uno de sus cuatro viajes se asemeja a visitar otro planeta, particularmente en el tercer y cuarto viaje.
Este libro es para muchos un claro ejemplo de ese género literario denominado Sátira: "Discurso o composición literaria en prosa o verso en que se critican agudamente las costumbres o vicios de alguien con intención moralizadora, lúdica o meramente burlesca.".
También podría atribuírsele el mote de novela política satírica, puesto que lo que Swift expone en él es un racconto de las distintas sociedades modernas adaptadas a extraños países, razas y seres dejando bien en claro que todos aquellos reinos que visita contienen defectos excepto el del país de los houyhnhnms, a los que declara como una raza impecable tanto por sus valores como sus virtudes y ninguna imperfección.
De todos modos, Swift siempre se las ingenia para dejar muy bien parado a su país, Inglaterra, al cual posiciona como el emblema de Europa y prácticamente como la mejor nación del mundo.
Puede entenderse esa obsesión en el autor de dejar bien en claro la supremacía británica sobre Francia, país enemistado con Inglaterra durante el siglo XVIII.
Un rasgo interesante del libro es el de la dificultad al leer los nombres propios, de países y vocabulario inventado por Swift, algo que demuestra su lúcida inteligencia.
Cito un ejemplo: en Lilliput lo llaman Quihnbus Flestrin, que significa Hombre-Montaña, mientras que en Broddingnag, su nombre es Grildrig y la niña que lo cuida se llama Glumdalclitch.
Otro detalle acerca de la lectura de este libro es que me costó mucho dimensionar las diferencias de tamaños tanto en su estadía en Lilliput como en Brobdingnag, ya que tanto el autor como los traductores utilizan el sistema de medidas que incluyen pulgadas, yardas, pies y millas. Para un lector acostumbrado al sistema métrico que utiliza milímetros, metros y kilómetros, aunque parezca un detalle tonto, el sistema del autor no ofrece una orientación clara.
Un dato pintoresco es que las diferencias de tamaños están marcadamente diferenciadas, a punto tal que cuando uno se acostumbró al tamaño gigante de Gulliver en Lilliput, le cuesta imaginarse el tamaño opuesto cuando pone un pie en el reino de Brobdingnag en donde esos tamaños se invierten durante su segundo viaje. Allí, Gulliver es un minúsculo ser humano.
Durante su tercer viaje cuando conoce losa los dominios de Laputa, Balnibarbi, Glubbdubdi y Luggnagg el lector descubre que los tamaños son iguales pero que esa raza de laputienses son prácticamente como las de verdaderos extraterrestres, "con un ojo vuelo y otro apuntando al cénit", como indica Gulliver.
Viven en un ambiente que se caracteriza por la geometría, las matemáticas y la música. Fue para mí el viaje más desconcertante, pero a su vez, debo reconocer el talento y la increíble imaginación de Jonathan Swift para crear semejantes personajes. Tengamos en cuenta que este libro fue publicado en 1726, ¡139 años antes de "Alicia en el país de las maravillas!, libro en el que Carroll despliega también una maravillosa imaginería de personajes increíbles.
Durante el cuarto viaje, en las tierra de los houyhnhnms, que son una raza de caballos con inteligencia que dominan a otros seres inferiores, en estado bruto llamados yahoos, que son muy inferiores pero a la vez muy parecidos a los humanos, algo me remite a la película "El planeta de los simios" en donde los seres humanos son esclavizados por una raza de monos dotados de una inteligencia avanzada.
En definidas cuentas, "Los viajes de Gulliver" es un libro entretenido, un tanto tedioso en algunas partes, sobre todo en aquellas donde vuelve a explicar cómo es Inglaterra a cada raza que visita; que tiene un costado verdaderamente de publicidad política y ensalzamiento de Inglaterra en detrimento de otras naciones y también expone, aunque sin denunciar, el tema de la esclavitud.
Es difícil que se sientan ofendidos por este tema, dado que es mundialmente conocido el pasado pirata y de trata de esclavos de los ingleses, aunque en el caso de su libro, Swift se saca el peso de encima echándole la culpa a los portugueses, los holandeses y los españoles.
Nuevamente destaco el poder de la imaginación de Jonathan Swift, un adelantado a su época, puesto que escribió un su libro que aún hoy tiene la vigencia intacta de los más afamados clásicos que nunca pasan de moda.
April 26,2025
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Swift's Satirical Fantasies

This was another re-read of a novel that I had read as a child and that had left me with very vivid memories.

For the most part, I enjoyed it just as much as I did then. Unlike "Tristram Shandy", it wasn't really a precocious work of Post-Modernism. It was more a collection of satirical fantasies, albeit reliant on a realistic narrative style. Still, it packs a punch I don't recall from my first reading.

Tales of a Traveller Returned Wanting

The novel purports to be a travelogue that documents Gulliver's travels into several remote but imaginary nations of the world, including Lilliput, Brobdingnag, Laputa, Glubbdubdrib, and the land inhabited by the Houyhnhnms and the Yahoos.

It would be enough to constitute a novel that these worlds be imaginary. However, what is most subtle and rewarding about a re-read as an adult is the opportunity to observe Doctor Lemuel Gulliver change over the course of the four discrete voyages. There is a clear character development, some would say for the worse, although that could be debatable.

Most of us who have travelled realise that we learn about the world more effectively by travelling. However, not only do we learn much from or about our destinations, we learn something about ourselves by effectively being placed in the position of a fish out of water.

Swift's novel highlights the obvious fact that we can also return to our own country with a changed frame of mind, that sometimes might find our country or our circumstances wanting. For this very reason, I've always sworn never to make a major personal or career decision within two months of returning from a holiday.

Contrast and Comparison

Swift's modus operandi is to describe the world Gulliver experiences in terms of relativities:

"Undoubtedly, philosophers are in the right, when they tell us that nothing is great or little otherwise than by comparison."

He lures us into this perspective by starting with Lilliput and Brobdingnag. The inhabitants of the former are one-twelfth of Gulliver's size, while those of the latter are 12 times his height. Much of the narrative concerns the logical consequences of their relative physiques. In one world, Gulliver is the source of wonder; in the other, he finds wonder everywhere.

The Lilliputians calculate that every meal Gulliver must eat and drink as much as 1,724 of them. He soon becomes a liability. A Brobdingagian puts him to work as a diminutive freak in a sideshow:

"I really began to imagine myself dwindled many degrees below my actual size."

He finds that his littleness has started to expose him to "ridiculous and troublesome accidents," like hungry pets and wild birds. More lewdly, some of the women of the court would strip him naked and lay him "at full length in their bosoms" or get him to sit on their nipples!

The king, "a prince of excellent learning", asks Gulliver about the English parliamentary system, after which the king opines:

"I cannot but conclude the bulk of your natives to be the most pernicious race of little odious vermin that nature ever suffered to crawl upon the surface of the earth."

A Most Irreverent Reverend

Up to this point, Swift gives an irreverent account of politicians that we can all relate to. The king's judgement is all the more tolerable, because it doesn't purport to come from the author or his narrator.

In the third part, the Laputians, who live on a floating or flying island, are subjected to similar criticism, though we identify with Gulliver.

On Glubbdubdrib, he encounters sorcerers and magicians, who conjure up philosophers and rulers from the past for him to question. He is disappointed to learn of the "true springs and motives of great enterprises and revolutions", and emerges with a lower opinion of historical wisdom and integrity.

Pretending to Reason

In the final part, we meet the noble horse-like Houyhnhnms and the "filthy...odious" humanoid Yahoos.

The former are unfamiliar with lying and false representation. They detest falsehood and disguise. It's interesting that, given the co-existence of two species in this land, Swift primarily contrasts the culture and politics of the Houyhnhnms with the English rather than the Yahoos. In fact, the Yahoos come off pretty lightly compared with the English, the reason being that the English "pretend to reason". Swift criticises the English for the enormity, brutality and barbarity of their crimes and vices.

Swift is particularly critical of lawyers (who manipulate words and truth in the corrupt pursuit of personal wealth), politicians (who progress by way of insolence, lying and bribery) and colonialism, the latter motivated by "the luxury and intemperance of the males and the vanity of the females".

Gulliver's master infers he must be noble to be so virtuous, yet Gulliver explains that the quality of his education was responsible.

This resonates with the Houhynhnms who believe that reason alone should be sufficient to govern a rational person. It is the foundation of decency and civility.



The Return of a Misanthrope

In contrast, Gulliver regards the Yahoos as unteachable; they are cunning, malicious, treacherous and resentful. Gulliver realises that humans are most like the Yahoos. He even learns that he is sexually attractive to the Yahoo women.

Before his return, Gulliver starts to feel ashamed of his family, his friends, his countrymen and the human race as a whole. When he arrives home and is greeted by the joy of his wife and children, he feels the utmost shame, confusion and horror.

It's clear Gulliver/Swift felt that eighteenth century English society left a lot to be desired, that it needed to lift its game and that it was hypocritical in promoting and enforcing its values in its colonies, which he considered were "no means proper objects of our zeal, our valour, or our interest."

Gulliver/Swift asserts that he writes "for the noblest end, to inform and instruct mankind".

For all of the wit and style and wisdom of the novel, it's confronting to experience how close it gets to straight out misanthropy, possibly because of Gulliver's sense of repulsion by his own family.

At the same time that you experience the shock of recognition, you have to ask whether the tone of the satire hasn't become too harsh and unforgiving.

You have to wonder about Swift's judgement and his capacity for mercy, but then perhaps his novel might not have been as effective or enduring if it had been sanitised.

Though, to be honest, I still haven't quite recovered.



SOUNDTRACK:

Blancmange - "Living on the Ceiling"

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L03PJ...

Telemann - "Loure der gesitteten Houyhnhnms & Furie der unartigen Yahoos"

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z-GoW...

Jessica Dragonette - "Faithful Forever" [1939 Soundtrack]

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u2Tgz...

OST - "It's a Hap-Hap-Happy Day" [1939 Soundtrack]

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VZCPX...

OST - "All's Well" [1939 Soundtrack]

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lr11n...

Swift Smarts: "Gulliver's Travels"

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wEbtS...
April 26,2025
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(Book 983 from 1001 books) - Gulliver’s Travels (1736), Jonathan Swift

Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World in Four Parts by Lemuel Gulliver, First a Surgeon & then a Captain of Several Ships, Jonathan Swift

Part I: A Voyage to Lilliput.
Part II: A Voyage to Brobdingnag.
Part III: A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Luggnagg, Glubbdubdrib and Japan.
Part IV: A Voyage to the Land of the Houyhnhnms

عنوانهای چاپ شده در ایران: «سفرنامه گالیور»؛ «سفرهای گالیور»؛ «مسافرتهای گالیور»؛ «ماجراهای گالیور»؛ نویسنده: جوناتان (جاناتان) سویفت؛ (امیرکبیر؛ بنگاه نشر و ترجمه، انتشارات علمی و فرهنگی؛ ماهی، مشهد بنگاه کتاب، مشهد باربد؛ ثالث؛ نشر نی، ) ادبیات از نویسندگان ایرلند سده 18میلادی؛ تاریخ نخستین خوانش: ماه ژوئن سال 1970میلادی

عنوان: سفرنامه گالیور؛ نویسنده: جاناتان سویفت؛ مترجم: منوچهر امیری؛ تهران، بنگاه نشر و ترجمه، 1335؛ در 498ص؛ چاپ دیگر علمی فرهنگی، سال1365، در 529ص؛ چاپ دیگر تهران، ماهی، 1387، در 536ص؛ شابک 9789649971839؛ موضوع داستانهای نویسندگان ایرلند - سده ی - 18م

عنوان: ماجراهای گالیور؛ نویسنده: جاناتان سویفت؛ مترجم: محمد آزاد؛ مشهد، بنگاه کتاب، 1369؛ در 155ص؛ چاپ دیگر مشهد، باربد، 1372؛

عنوان: سفرهای گالیور؛ نویسنده: جاناتان سویفت؛ مترجم: سهیل سمی؛ تهران، آبشن، 1391؛ در 380ص؛ چاپ دیگر تهران، میکان، 1393؛ شابک9786007845011؛

عنوان: سفرهای گالیور؛ نویسنده: جاناتان سویفت؛ مترجم: شیوا مقانلو؛ تهران، ثالث، 1391؛ در 195ص؛ شابک9789643807979؛

عنوان: سفرهای گالیور؛ نویسنده: جاناتان سویفت؛ مترجم: رضا روزبه؛ تهران، نشر نی، 1391؛ در 197ص؛ شابک9789641852971؛

عنوان: سفرهای گالیور (خلاصه)؛ نویسنده: جاناتان سویفت؛ مترجم: هومان قشقایی؛ تهران، امیرکبیر کتابهای طلایی، 1349؛ در 48ص؛

مترجمین و انتشارات گوناگون و بسیاری گزیده ای از کتاب را نشر داده اند؛

چاپ نخست کتاب در سال 1735میلادی، و تجدیدنظر به سال 1736میلادی، با عنوان کاملِ: «سفرهایی به برخی ممالک دورافتاده ی جهان»، در چهار بخش، نوشته ی «لموئل گالیور»؛ نخست در نقش پزشک کشتی، و سپس به‌ عنوان ناخدا؛ داستانی تخیلی نوشته ی «جاناتان سویفت» است؛

اقتباس‌های بسیار از این اثر به‌ صورت «کمیک استریپ»، «فیلم انیمیشن»، «فیلم»، «مجموعۀ تلویزیونی» و ...، شده‌ است؛ داستان، که در چهار بخش نوشته شده‌، به‌ صورت سفرنامه ی دریانوردی، به نام «ناخدا لموئل گالیور»، و از زبان خود وی بیان می‌شود؛ نسخه‌ های گوناگون، تفاوت‌های چندی با هم دارند، اما همه ی نسخه‌ ها در مواردی مشترک هستند، که بنیان نسخه‌ ی امروزیِن اثر میباشند؛ داستان به‌ شیوه ی آن روزگار، با شرح مختصری از زندگی شخصیت، و معرفی او آغاز، و با شرح سفرهای «گالیور» ادامه می‌یابد.؛

سفر به «لی‌لی‌پوت»، سرزمین مردمان پانزده سانتیمتری؛ در یکی از سفرها، کشتی توفان‌زدهٔ «گالیور» می‌شکند و امواج او را به ساحل می‌برند؛ «گالیور» بی‌هوش می‌شود و وقتی به هوش می‌آید خود را اسیر مردمانی کوچک (با متوسط قامتی حدود پانزده سانتی‌متر) که ساکن «لی‌لی‌پوت» هستند، می‌یابد؛ او مدتی در سرزمین «لی‌لی‌پوت» می‌مانَد؛ «لی‌لی‌پوتی‌ها» سال‌هاست بر سرِ شکستن تخم‌مرغ از سر یا ته، با یکی از کشورهای همسایه، اختلاف و جنگ دارند؛ پادشاه «لی‌لی‌پوتی‌ها» تصمیم می‌گیرد، در جنگی با یاری «گالیور» کشور همسایه را شکست بدهد، و چون «گالیور» مخالفت می‌کند، پادشاه دستور کور کردن او را می‌دهد؛ «گالیور» می‌گریزد، و خود را به کشور همسایه می‌رسانَد، و با یاری مردم یک کشتی می‌سازد و از راه دریا فرار می‌کند

سفر به «براب دینگ نَگ»، سرزمین مردمان غول پیکر؛ سفر دیگر «گالیور» است، بازهم کشتی «گالیور» شکسته، و او را به سواحل «براب دینگ نَگ» می‌اندازد؛ مردمان «براب دینگ نَگ» غول پیکر هستند، و «گالیور» پس از دست ‌به دست ‌گشتن، و به نمایش درآمدن، سر از قصر پادشاه درمی‌آوَرَد؛ پادشاه دستور می‌دهد جعبه ‌ای کوچک برای زندگی «گالیور» بسازند؛ «گالیور» به ‌همراه پادشاه، راهی سفری دریایی می‌شود؛ اما عقابی غول‌پیکر جعبه ی «گالیور» را میرباید، و آن را به دریا می‌اندازد

سفر به «لاپوتا» جزیره ی پرنده؛ «گالیور» دوباره در دریا سرگردان می‌شود، تا این‌که جزیره ‌ای را در حال پرواز بر بالای سرش می‌بیند؛ مردمان جزیره ی پرنده، موسوم به «لاپوتایی‌ها»، «گالیور» را بالا می‌کشند، و نجات می‌دهند؛ «لاپوتایی‌»ها مردمانی علم‌ زده هستند، که همه چیز را علمی می‌نگرند؛ آن‌ها تمام وقت، برروی موضوعات خنده دار، و بی‌فایده‌ ای همچون «تولید نور از خیار»، «ساخت بالش از سنگ مرمر»، و «تشخیص مخالفان نظام با آزمایش مدفوع افراد مشکوک»، پژوهش می‌کنند؛ با این‌همه، آن‌ها به «گالیور» امکاناتی برای ادامه ی سفر می‌دهند؛ «گالیور» هم مدت کوتاهی در «بال نیب رابی»، «لوگ ناگ»، و «گلوب دوب دریب»، به سیاحت می‌پردازد، و با اشباحی سخنگو، و مردمانی نامیرا، دیدار می‌کند؛

سفر به «هوئی‌ هِنِم»: سرانجام، «گالیور» به سرزمین «هوئی‌ هِنِم‌»ها می‌رسد؛ در آن سرزمین، اسب‌هایی باهوش، بر انسان‌هایی وحشی، حکمرانی می‌کنند؛ «گالیور»، به‌ عنوان انسانی با درجه‌ ای از فهم و هوش، از نظر اسب‌ها، برای حکمرانی‌شان بر انسان‌های وحشی، خطرناک ارزیابی می‌شود؛ بنابراین، او را بیرون می‌رانند؛ و ...؛

نخستین بار بخشی از این داستان را در کتاب درسی زبان انگلیسی سالهای دهه ی چهل هجری خورشیدی در دبیرستان خواندیم، و سپس کتاب اصلی را در بنگاه نشر و ترجمه یافتم و نوشیدم

تاریخ بهنگام رسانی 24/08/1399هجری خورشیدی؛ 31/06/1400هجری خورشیدی؛ ا. شربیانی
April 26,2025
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Jonathan Swift (1667 – 1745) writes towards the end of his book:

n  ...an author perfectly blameless, against whom the tribe of answerers, considerers, observers, reflecters, detecters, remarkers, will never be able to find matter for exercising their talents.n

Had Swift known GR he would probably have included “reviewers” in the above sentence. This thought warns me against continuing any further with my review.

But the Travels of Gullible Gulliver (1726) have made me laugh like no other book for a long time. And I want to share this.

The introduction in my edition by Michael Foot was almost as funny. For Foot surveys the history of the reaction to Swift’s book, from its immediate huge success and popularity during the Enlightenment to the deprecating opinion shared by many, but not all (John Keats was one of the exceptions), in puritanical Victorian times. They were affronted by the shameful indecency their own minds projected onto Swift’s lines.

Some of the quotes from Victorian responses made me laugh as heartily as Swift’s words.

n  .. a monster, gibbering shrieks and gnashing imprecations against mankind – tearing down all shreds of modesty, past all sense of manliness and shame; filthy in word, filthy in thought, furious, raging, obscene.n

His rehabilitation started during WW1, beginning with a lecture in Cambridge in 1917. Gulliver’s attacks on war and the idiocies of nationalism would have met welcoming ears in that university hall. Some rejection still lingered for a while and surprisingly both George Orwell and Aldous Huxley were highly critical of Swift.

Nowadays, many aspects of this book appeal strongly to our more cynical and detached age. What we have now is filtered by the Disney Cartoons and The Economist has chosen Gulliver as the title to its Travel Section. And of course, the company Yahoo also got its name from the most detestable of Swift’s characters.

As everyone knows this is a book about travelling. The popularity of two of its four parts and their easy refashioning into tales for children disguise the fact that the book was written as a parody of the then prevailing travel writing. If for us Travel now means consumption, then it still meant discovery. But in all discoveries there is some degree of presumptuousness. And this is what bothered Swift.

But this book is a journey in itself: Travel into Acerbity. Each part becomes more acidic and sour than the previous one. And if the Victorians found it indecent we have to admit that there is a fair amount of stripping in this book, but not of clothes. Swift is stripping human nature. For apart from the hilarious and highly creative stories, the sum of reflections on the relativity of some of our beliefs, which we hold as absolute, constitutes a fully developed treatise on us.

The Fantastic and Utopian character is disguised by Swift's framing with exact dates each of the four trips. Gulliver sets off on the 4th of May 1699 and returns from his final trip on the 5th of December 1715. May be it was this kind of specificity that made one of Swift’s contemporaries go and have a look at his Atlas to check where Lilliput was. And another adamantly denied that the whole thing could be true!!

Apart from children, some mathematicians have also been delighted by Gulliver’s adventures (demonstrable proof). The third trip, to the Land of Laputa (some knowledge of Spanish helps in understanding this title) is an amusing diatribe against mathematicians and academics. A good reader of Swift must be willing to embrace self-parody.

The fourth and final trip is the most controversial one, since it is a direct blow at the arrogance of human nature. And yet, this part is an excellent exposition of Swift’s thinking and his deep aversion of brutality and despotism.

Apart from Swift’s exuberant imagination, I have greatly enjoyed his language. In spite of the irony and satire, his writing reads as coming directly from the pen of Mister Common Sense. Swift wrote in a limpid form, keeping a perfect pace that accompanied an impeccable stream of clear thinking. Swift was known for his conviction on the appropriate use of language:

n  That the use of speech was to make us understand one another, and to receive information of facts; now if any one said the thing which was not, these ends were defeated.n


And to make sure of this, he would read aloud to his servants to confirm that his text would be understood.

He kept his humour until the end, and this is what he wrote for his own epitaph.

n  He gave the little wealth he had,
To build a House for Fools and Mad.
And shew’d by one Satyric Touch,
No Nation needed it so much.
n

I close this book feeling a great respect for the smart, polite Houyhnhnms who enjoy a level of wisdom and common sense that should be the envy of all of us.



April 26,2025
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Every time one reads Gulliver's Travels one learns something new. I have read it four times and have barely scratched the surface. The first two sections on the land of the little people and of the giants get the most attention from moviemakers because of their fairy tale qualities and the satire that is pertinent in any age. However, as my professor in first year English said, the important thing is to devote equally energy and attention to the last two sections of the book which are as strong as the first two.

Swift is the greatest satirist in English literature, possibly in world literature. He attacks the arbitrary use of power, gratuitous cruelty, dogmatism, selfishness, the instinctive recourse of our states to go to war, and blind faith in science. He criticizes humans for being unable to see the truth behind the statements of it leaders, to understand the strengths of our language and the tendency of humans to project virtues on people and things that they do not possess. This is all too much for one reading. I advise reading Gulliver's Travels once every ten years.

Avoid movie versions like the plague. Films require drama and structure. Gulliver's Travels is a wonderful compendium of arguments and counter-arguments.
April 26,2025
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he has 4 travels, right, and it's the first one in all the movies, but the last one is what germans would call 'the hammer.' he goes to this place that's like planet of the apes, except it's horses not apes. and then instead of being all charlton heston about it, he internalizes their shit and wishes he was a horse. he ends back in england and he can't stand the sight of other humans, they're disgusting, not like those noble horses. GENIUS. GENIUS GENIUS. read this book already, jeez!
April 26,2025
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I didn't really like this book. I toyed with giving the book two stars but because some parts were somewhat entertaining, I decided on giving the book three stars.

It was very hard to get into and some parts were slow and they dragged on forever. Glad I can say that I finally read it but it definitely wouldn't be one I'd ever pick up again.
April 26,2025
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Quanta amarezza in questo libro. La sua ferocia fa paura; non sorprende che sia stato svuotato e smembrato fino a trasformarlo in una narrazione informe da proporre come "libro per bambini". Quella versione ha il suo fascino avventuroso, ma questo romanzo è stato concepito dall'autore come una severa critica all'umanità cosiddetta civilizzata, e proprio i bambini sembrano essere gli unici ai quali questo rimprovero non è rivolto. Mi piace ricordare il mio primo contatto con Gulliver: avevo circa nove anni, leggevo con piacere romanzi d'avventura e mia madre mi comprò una sontuosa edizione illustrata di questo libro, lamentandosi poi per mesi perché, per qualche motivo, lo evitavo e preferivo leggerne altri. (Ho provato a chiedere, per verificare l'affidabilità della mia memoria: ricorda benissimo l'affronto. :P) Quando finalmente lo lessi ne fui estasiato: era un libro di avventure diverso, sorprendente, e nel tempo sono rimasto affezionato a Swift, scoprendo più tardi le sue qualità di autore satirico.

Quello è l'effetto che la versione così brutalmente mutilata può fare su un bambino. Gli adulti, però, devono sapere che il vero Gulliver è tutta un'altra cosa. Swift sembra essere mosso, nella sua critica, soprattutto da ragioni politiche, e in particolare dalle delusioni che lo portarono ad essere emarginato dalla politica londinese del tempo, visto con sospetto da entrambi i partiti nei quali aveva militato. Un partito politico di qualsiasi epoca non può che temere una mente così critica e pronta alla satira: sembra esserci in Swift un'ispirazione quasi anarchica, anche se espressa in termini democratici, e alcune sue idee appaiono stranamente moderate, come se si fosse limitato per evitare la censura, o guai peggiori nel caso venisse scoperto (la prima edizione del libro, come altri di Swift, fu infatti pubblicata anonima). La stessa impressione si ha leggendo le sue idee in materia di religione: lui, ecclesiastico per necessità più che per vocazione, sembra sapere perfettamente di essere responsabile di più di un'eresia.

Nessuno dei suoi contemporanei si salva; neppure la regina, ridicolizzata in una scena che lascia ben poco all'immaginazione e che rende evidente il motivo dei tagli nella versione per bambini. La nobiltà e la classe dirigente inglesi vengono duramente criticate: Swift trova nell'ordinamento sociale dei paesi europei del tempo qualcosa di profondamente disumano, una società fondata sulla corruzione e sui privilegi di pochi cosiddetti nobili. Il sistema parlamentare, in particolare, gli sembra particolarmente corrotto; il libro raccoglie numerosi brevi "trattati" politici cammuffati da chiacchierate tra Gulliver e i monarchi delle isole che visita durante i suoi viaggi. Molte delle sue critiche si potrebbero applicare anche all'Europa moderna, ma credo sia bene essere onesti in questo: Swift scriveva del suo tempo ed è meglio non abusare della sua onestà.

La sua critica è resa particolarmente tagliente dalla satira: dai piccoli lillipuziani i cui ministri, per dimostrare di meritare la propria posizione, devono esibirsi in esercizi circensi sulla corda davanti al re (:D); agli scienziati-filosofi abitanti dell'isola volante di Laputa (...), i quali impiegano ore per prendere qualsiasi decisione, e le cui astrazioni li portano talmente lontano dalla realtà da aver bisogno di servitori per ricordar loro di parlare o di ascoltare i loro interlocutori; fino ai cavalli (Houyhnhnm) dell'ultima isola, la cui intelligenza produce in Gulliver una forte avversione per il genere umano. Swift sembra sentire la necessità di una specie diversa, contesta la presunta superiorità del genere umano, e (dal punto di vista culturale) delle ricche nazioni europee, la cui civiltà viene spesso duramente criticata. La sua abilità rende difficile capire quali affermazioni di Gulliver sul governo inglese siano frutto del suo fantastico sarcasmo e quali invece corrispondano al pensiero dell'autore.

Tra le ossessioni di Swift sembra esserci una forte avversione al progresso scientifico. In realtà, secondo me, la sua critica è rivolta all'applicazione delle discipline scientifiche in ambito sociale, e questa è almeno in parte condivisibile: decidere del destino dei propri sudditi secondo calcoli, misure, formule matematiche certamente non rende quei sovrani più giusti. Swift è un pensatore indipendente; il suo isolamento è responsabile di molti pregi e difetti del suo pensiero, ed è proprio questa la sua forza: più di tanti altri ha saputo vedere ben oltre la sua epoca, e sono molto contento di aver potuto rileggere questo libro. Quando si può essere d'accordo con le sue idee (un po' noiose in alcuni capitoli "politici", a dire la verità) si è felici di leggerlo; e quando invece ci si trova in disaccordo - be', il libro è talmente pieno di avventure folli e sorprendenti che almeno ci si diverte, tornando un po' bambini. Un libro molto malinconico, dominato da una rassegnazione che è, insieme, rimpianto e voglia di indipendenza.
April 26,2025
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Gulliver’s Travels was a best seller when it was published in 1726, benefiting from the wave of excitement caused by Robinson Crusoe. It is a satire on contemporary travel narratives but Swift used this framework to vent his spleen at practically every aspect of the world in which he lived. It worked just as well as a children’s book, although some of it must have bored them silly.

This edition is only half of the work, covering Gulliver's adventures in Lilliput (the land of the little people) and Brobdingnag (the land of the giants). It’s a children’s edition with a glossary at the end of each chapter explaining ‘difficult’ words. I found it very helpful because the meanings of so many words have changed so much over the centuries that the gist of some sentences would have been lost on me without it. Examples: ‘an unlucky schoolboy’ = a mischievous schoolboy; ‘I made a shift’ = ‘I managed’.

Jonathan Swift’s life (1667-1745) is probably best summed up in his epitaph which reads ubi saeva indignatio ulterius cor lacerare nequit - ‘where fierce indignation can no further tear apart his heart’.

Giving it a star rating seems a pointless exercise. What else could I give it but 5 stars when it’s considered one of the most important books ever written in the English language. My enjoyment of it is probably around 3 stars.

With thanks to my grandfather (Papa), Alexander Allan, for a free review copy! He was awarded this edition in 1908 for attendance. Thanks, Papa, for giving my Mum a love of reading which she in turn passed on to me.
April 26,2025
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imagine if you lived in the 1700s and this was like...the most fun book available.

screaming and crying.

so grateful to live in a time when the only reason i read this book is because its cover is pretty, and not because i live a life of suffering and no running water and my idea of a raging good time is...this.

phew.

bottom line: this was fine, that's all.
April 26,2025
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I think I read at least part of Gulliver’s Travels in school years ago, but I didn’t remember much other than that the Lilliputians were little, the Brobdingnagians were big, and the Houyhnhnms were horses. So it was an almost-new experience to read it now.

The brilliance of Swift’s satirical pen can’t be denied. He cleverly skewers just about all aspects of humanity, and the European portion of humanity in particular. His narrator, Gulliver, is an English surgeon who signs on to sail on various merchant ships to see the world but invariably meets with misadventure (shipwreck, abandonment, attack, mutiny) and finds himself alone in a strange—very strange—land.

In each new land, Gulliver typically gains the favor of a king, emperor, or other important personage, learns the native language, and then either regales his “master” with “facts” about his native land and culture or travels about the land observing and commenting on the culture of the inhabitants, comparing it to his own.

It would be impossible for me to catalog the targets of Swift’s satire in a short review. A few examples that I enjoyed include the following:

In Lilliput, there is a doctrinal schism between the “Big-Endians” and the “Small-Endians,” whose dispute concerns which end of an egg should be broken when cooking. This religious argument has infected politics, so that only Small-Endians are eligible for positions in the government. In fact, some officials ultimately suspect that Gulliver is a traitor because he’s “a Big-Endian in his heart.”

In Brobdingnag, after Gulliver concludes a lengthy and laudatory discourse on England’s society, government, church, and history, the King says, “I cannot but conclude the bulk of your natives, to be the most pernicious race of little odious vermin that Nature ever suffered to crawl upon the surface of the earth.” Gulliver offers to teach the King’s workmen about gunpowder and artillery. When the King expresses horror at that prospect, Gulliver attributes it to the King’s “narrow and provincial education.”

In Laputa, Gulliver visits the Academy of Lagado, where he observes the learned professors engaged in a wide variety of “visionary” projects. Although the projects are patently absurd, Gulliver reports on them with a presumably straight face, but with his tongue firmly in cheek. In the political section of the academy, he observes “unhappy people [who] were proposing schemes for persuading monarchs to choose favourites upon the score of their wisdom, capacity and virtue; of teaching ministers to consult the public good; of rewarding merit, great abilities and eminent services; of instructing princes to know their true interest by placing it on the same foundation with that of their people; of choosing for employments persons qualified to exercise them; with many other wild impossible chimeras, that never entered before into the heart of man to conceive …”

Gulliver has nothing but high praise for the Houyhnhnms, the horses who are the master race in the last land he visits. He marvels at their wisdom and goodness, especially when compared to the humanoid Yahoos whom Gulliver all too uncomfortably resembles. The Houyhnhnms have no understanding of or language for the concept of lying. They are governed entirely by reason, which invariably leads them to the right result in any endeavor and forestalls argument because everyone recognizes the truth. They are flabbergasted at Gulliver’s tutorial about the causes of war. They don’t understand law, or punishment, or lawyers, or judges.

Of course, Gulliver’s description of the role that a lawyer plays may have something to do with it. He says that a lawyer, “being practiced almost from the cradle in defending falsehood, is quite out of his element when he would be an advocate for justice, which as an office unnatural, he always attempts with great awkwardness, if not with ill-will.… [If the lawyer does advocate for justice,] the lawyer must proceed with great caution, or else he will be reprimanded by the Judges, and abhorred by his brethren, as one who would lessen the practice of the law.” As a retired lawyer myself, I have to admit I got a good laugh out of Swift’s take on the legal profession.

Although Swift’s satire is pointedly addressed to European society in the early 18th century when he was writing, most of it remains relevant and effective even today. Gulliver’s Travels is a deserving classic. I originally gave it a three-star rating, but I’ve raised it to four. The book is a huge achievement and probably merits five stars, but I do think that the story drags in some places and is somewhat repetitive, and that Swift sometimes gilds the lily. So I can’t quite bring myself to give it those five stars, maybe because of my “narrow and provincial education.” Or maybe I’m just a Yahoo.
April 26,2025
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Re-Read.

And yet, this will forever be a fantastic 4-part novel, neeeigh, a glorious satire.

Most of us have seen or heard of parts of Gulliver's Travels, but alas it is usually only in terms of a giant beset by little-minded little-people so stuffed up with self importance that they can never see the proverbial giant in their living room, or, in the second part, a little person trapped in a horrible commerce grinding machine filled with giants.

But to me, I'm a huge fan of the 3rd part: huge minds trapped in their own vices and certainties, living in floating castles in the skies, unable to see the truth under their feet.

But honestly? It's the fourth part, the place where the smartest, most wise horses, enslave the dirty, brutish, trashy Yahoos (humans) and the place where Gulliver finally succumbs to the worldview of his new masters that shines the brightest.

There is nothing more brilliant than the pride of self-hate, of decrying everything in yourself or your people, to bemoan the very sense of our own purity or goodness, to place the biggest capstone on this great edifice of satire.

What? Isn't it OBVIOUS that we're all the greatest dumbshits, assholes, backwards-minded, filth-wallowing, UNWORTHY species on the planet? -- Ahhh, neeeiiiiighhhhhh, you've been listening too long to these damn horses.

We are everything.
But that means, we're also better than we think.

But I also admit... the first time I read this, I, too, fell into the trap of the 4th. :) Careful! Some satires are STRONG. Neeeiiiighhhhh... brilliant. :)
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