Scientific endeavor & social authority, in one form or another, are characteristics of human life on the planet expected to endure for as long as we can see ahead. In this essay, which aims at analyzing their complex relations, we intend to go at length into the episode which provides, namely, the trial of Galileo & the circumstances that brought it about. But, as we work out the general conditions attendant & dissimilarities occur with the further phase of conflict which is being played out in our time. Preface Introduction The days of discovery "Domini canes" Philosophical intermezzo Saint Robert Bellarmine The decree Bellarmine's audience The years of silence Urban VIII The "Dialogue" The summons The inquisitors' plight The trial The problem of the false injunction Change of course The sentence Aftermath Index