La Tierra es plana: Breve historia del mundo globalizado del siglo XXI

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El tres veces ganador del premio Pulitzer y auténtico gurú de la economía, Thomas Friedman, presenta en su bestselleriano La Tierra es plana las claves que explican el fenómeno conocido como «aplanamiento» o «muerte de las distancias». Con un estilo brillante, claro y directo, Friedman acerca al lector al complicado proceso de la globalización, que nos aboca a un nuevo orden social, y explica sus implicaciones a nivel estatal e individual.

495 pages, Paperback

First published January 1,2005

About the author

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Thomas L. Friedman is an internationally renowned author, reporter, and, columnist—the recipient of three Pulitzer Prizes and the author of six bestselling books, among them From Beirut to Jerusalem and The World Is Flat. In a book review for The Village Voice, Edward Said criticized what he saw as a naive, arrogant, and orientalist account of the Israel–Palestine conflict in Friedman's From Beirut to Jerusalem.


In January 1995, Friedman took over the New York Times Foreign Affairs column. “It was the job I had always aspired to,” he recalled. “I had loved reading columns and op-ed articles ever since I was in high school, when I used to wait around for the afternoon paper, the Minneapolis Star, to be delivered. It carried Peter Lisagor. He was a favorite columnist of mine. I used to grab the paper from the front step and read it on the living room floor.”

Friedman has been the Times‘s Foreign Affairs columnist since 1995, traveling extensively in an effort to anchor his opinions in reporting on the ground. “I am a big believer in the saying ‘If you don't go, you don't know.' I tried to do two things with the column when I took it over. First was to broaden the definition of foreign affairs and explore the impacts on international relations of finance, globalization, environmentalism, biodiversity, and technology, as well as covering conventional issues like conflict, traditional diplomacy, and arms control. Second, I tried to write in a way that would be accessible to the general reader and bring a broader audience into the foreign policy conversation—beyond the usual State Department policy wonks. It was somewhat controversial at the time. So, I eventually decided to write a book that would explain the framework through which I was looking at the world. It was a framework that basically said if you want to understand the world today, you have to see it as a constant tension between what was very old in shaping international relations (the passions of nationalism, ethnicity, religion, geography, and culture) and what was very new (technology, the Internet, and the globalization of markets and finance). If you try to see the world from just one of those angles, it won't make sense. It is all about the intersection of the two.”


Community Reviews

Rating(3.9 / 5.0, 100 votes)
5 stars
28(28%)
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35(35%)
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37(37%)
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100 reviews All reviews
April 1,2025
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This is an interesting book, with some interesting and important points but it seems repetitively too long. It tells of the history of the world in innovation, economics, politics and education since the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. Since that time many events and innovations have created a "flat world" where we can more easily communicate, collaborate and world together globally. This is exciting and has opened up wonderful opportunities, but is has also created new competition and potential threats.

At the same time technology has improved the way we communicate (internet, blogging, collaborative workflow software, outsourcing, supply chain management, etc.), countries and individuals who have not previously been a part of the same market are now competing with each other in a more free and open world. Particularly interesting were some of the stories about work going to India and China where there are many people willing to work hard.

For the most part I think the thesis of this book was for Americans to be aware of the changes rapidly taking place so that we see the importance of working hard and continuing to learn so that we can still compete in the globally flat world.

My favorite chapter of the book was about education: The Right Stuff--Tubas and Test Tubes (page 308). This chapter focuses on the importance of learning how to learn so that we know how to continue to learn and progress in a quickly changing world. Passion and curiosity may be more important than IQ.

There are a lot of other interesting points he makes about how new technologies and convenience have changed the way we communicate with each other--we don't talk to the people around us as much because we can be always connected to anyone anywhere. Just as many people are using new technologies to collaborate on new and important business and research others are using the same tools to harm other individuals and nations. The world has become flat so quickly that no one really knows how to control or protect people from some of the potential problems.

Interesting thoughts. Good book. We really are all connected! Hopefully we'll prepare and use these opportunities for good!
April 1,2025
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Nửa đầu sách hoàn toàn không để lại ấn tượng.

Tác giả chỉ nêu lại những thứ rất-quen-thuộc trong thời đại mình: chuỗi cung, mạng máy tính, UPS, outsourcing, insourcing, e-commerce... (đúng tinh thần "Tóm lược Lịch sử Thế giới TK XXI" - nhiều quá không nhớ nỗi ^^!).
Người đọc thì chán còn tác giả thì kể như "OMG! I have never seen anything like it before. It's a miracle!" =.=

Những phần còn lại rất hay, bớt cường điệu hơn, đa phần về nước Trung Quờ như cạnh tranh, tài nguyên, chiến tranh, chuỗi cung ứng. Mà đúng thiệt vậy, bởi thật sự anh thứ CS là tâm điểm, trigger của rất nhiều vấn đề hiện tại trên thế giới. Đặc biệt thích đoạn tác giả miêu tả mối quan hệ TQ và Mỹ: Ban đầu tôi sợ sói, sau này tôi khiêu vũ cùng sói và ngay bây giờ tôi muốn trở thành sói.

12 năm sau ngày sách ra mắt, dù kỷ nguyên số đang diễn ra cực mạnh, công cụ hôm nay sẽ lỗi thời vào ngày mai nhưng Thế Giới Phẳng dường như không quá cũ. Những vấn nạn toàn cầu hóa gây ra vẫn còn rất nóng, đặc biệt vấn đề Trung Đông, môi trường.

Nói chung là thỏa mãn.
April 1,2025
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I find Thomas Friedman very engaging and rely on his research and opinion very often when making a point in an argument.
April 1,2025
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tThe problem with writing about globalization “3.0” is that we are currently in the midst of it. In a matter of years, even months, a book about the future becomes outdated. Unfortunately, that is what I found with The World Is Flat. Even the “Updated and Expanded edition”, published in 2006 or 2007, is no longer up to date. While I strongly appreciate a lot of what Thomas L. Friedman writes about, it is in many ways a blip in history. The internet has progressed to a point beyond even his initial experience with Wikipedia, blogs, and Google.
For example, I finished The World Is Flat and got on my computer. Within five minutes, I visited Facebook, Pinterest, Gmail, then Goodreads. All those websites or services were either in their very beginning, or uncreated, when this book was written. Things have changed, and taken on many interesting and unique roles yet unpictured.
Six years have gone by since this book was published, and already we have moved beyond what he saw. Sure, I look outside and life doesn’t seem to have progressed much since 2006. But in 2006 Facebook hadn’t exploded. The Arab Springs hadn’t happened yet. Microsoft Word 2010 had yet to be released.
I guess my point is, this book was fascinating, but no longer relevant. It shows how we got here, but no longer, I feel, accurately predicts where we are going. Friedman is very optimistic. Honestly, I got bored with the book after a while. When he isn’t ecstatically looking towards the future, he’s warning about the great turmoil about to fall upon the United States if she doesn’t up her math and science scores. That might be the case, but somehow the optimism/Armageddon doesn’t mix well.
I began this book when I decided to become a Rebelutionary. Sadly, it has taken me this long to finish it. And in those years, this wonderful, truly interesting book became outdated. Because while a lot of what he foresaw is happening and continues to happen, history has happened. We’re no longer where we were when this book was written. Even as he refers to his book The Lexus and the Olive Tree as no longer getting it, The World Is Flat no longer gets it. Referring to people like Osama Bin Laden and Steve Jobs were great…when they were alive. But now they are dead. New people have risen up. New social networks have taken hold of politics and government intervention has become a hotly debated topic.
Would I recommend this book? It is not a gut not a gut yes or no at this point. I learned a lot from it, but I also was left feeling bored and dissatisfied. 566 pages is a lot to wade through only to be left with more questions and half-fulfilled premonitions. I say yes for an understanding of how we got where we are. I say no…because I was bored. I recognize a lot of what he is saying. I see it first hand. I experience it first hand. But I have also seen where his starry-eyed enthusasim or grave warnings sugar coat or darken something and make it more confusing.
Two last side comments.
The first is more of a personal critique. He sources Wikipedia. That distracted me a lot. If there is one thing drummed in your head from K-12 it is that Wikipedia is not a reliable source. And he mentions that. He has, in fact, several paragraphs about being cautious with the online encyclopedia. But he is far to enamored with it. Yet another case of things moving forward. If I want an accurate, factual source that I would quote in a book, I’d hit JSTOR. Or ProQuest. Or any maybe even Google Scholar. Not Wikipedia.
Secondly, his view of the future disturbs me. It is very A-type personality oriented. Now, I happen to have that sort of personality. I thrive in the sort of environment he pictures. But not everyone does. If American jobs become entirely specialized and top-oriented, there are going to be a lot of unhappy people. I just hope there is a middle ground that can and will be discovered for more relaxed people who want to have a lifetime job, and who don’t thrive in a constantly changing environment. I guess as the old saying goes, only time will tell.
I’m afraid this review is much more negative than I meant it to sound. It is not that this is a bad book. It is well written and well organized. It is just outdated. Six years is a blip of time compared to eternity, but in a constantly changing and moving society it is eternity. I think it is time for the situation to be re-evaluated, and re-written.
April 1,2025
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I'll call it the "Book of impressions". As a reporter writes a business book for the geo-political powers governing our era and the one to come, you see more stories than true scientific analysis. It could be good enough for a layman but not for someone looking for deep/real analysis.

Hopefully I will write a full review soon.
April 1,2025
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Non-Fiction. Friedman explains to us, over and over, how globalization has effectively turned the world into a very very small place -- I was okay with his metaphor of a flat world at first, but over time it started to irritate me. It's neither elegant nor practical. No matter how many virtual conference rooms you have, in a flat world it's still going to take forever to get material goods moved from China to the US, unlike our current round model; later he even starts to talk about how some parts of the world are unflat, ow, my head -- but still, his point remains: digitization, miniaturization, virtualization, and personalization have conspired to make our planet very small indeed, metaphorically speaking. For the most part, Friedman has a highly romanticized view of globalization, looking at it as more of a fascinating academic theory than a real force, and only talking to people who have benefited from the rampant outsourcing and supply-chaining.

The first two thirds of this book suffer from a distinct lack of real world consequence. It's all happy anecdotes and economic theory, which isn't exactly Friedman's strong point. Because of this, it took me about six months to read, was constantly inspiring me to nap, and was just generally twice as long as it needed to be. Friedman makes up a lot of jargon -- going as far as to repurpose common words for his own oblique purposes -- and it can be difficult to remember what he's talking about at any given moment. The other problem is Friedman's scope and focus. When I read non-fiction, I like each chapter to have a thesis. Friedman prefers to wander up and down the page, make the same point several times, dump a lot of irrelevant statistics on me, and then scurry off to deliver a glancing blow to a new perspective, only to doggedly return to his original thrice-made point as if I hadn't gotten it the first two times.

But, if you can make it through all that, cold hard reality shows up in the third act and things finally get interesting. Friedman admits that only .2% of Indians are employed in the technological industry he was so happily touting just a few chapters before. He admits that the world is not entirely flat, and that it may never become fully flat due to poverty, war, or simple fear. He talks about the ramifications of a flat world, the ways it can go wrong, how terrorist networks take advantage of the same readily available work force and supply chain that Dell or Infosys does. He takes the first two thirds of the book and puts it into context. This part I read in just three days. This is the part I can use. Globalization isn't just about Americans losing jobs. It's so much bigger than that. It's about the flow of information, about vulnerability and anger, about global responsibility. Those last hundred and fifty pages were worth struggling through the first three hundred, but only highlight how The World is Flat is more mishmash than structured thesis.

This gets two stars for the first two-thirds of the book and four stars for the last third, giving it an average of three stars.
April 1,2025
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I feel far more pointy-headed but also far more alarmed about our country’s future after reading this. Friedman does go into a bit too much detail for those who, like me, aren’t exactly techno-geeks, but you definitely learn a lot of interesting factoids, which may make you seem smarter, or more annoying, to anyone you decide to unleash them on in random conversation. Friedman is definitely pro-outsourcing, which may rankle some people, but he lays out a convincing argument on how and why attempts to curb such practices will be ultimately fruitless and could actually hurt the chances for stabilizing democracies worldwide. Regardless of whether you agree with his arguments, you definitely come away from this book thinking: (1) holy crap why didn’t I major in Math or Engineering?; (2) holy crap my kids better major in Math or Engineering; and (3) holy crap if our schools don’t start getting better at teaching Math and Engineering, America is going to need to find itself a nice big Indian sugar-daddy.
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