Before delving into this review, let me offer a couple of disclaimers, if you will.
First of all, I am not an American and did not go through the American school system. This means I have no firsthand experience of the standard of history teaching as referred to by James Loewen. I am British and consider myself extremely fortunate to have attended a very good school back home.
Secondly, I am aware that in many countries, history is tweaked a little, either for feel-good or nationalist purposes, depending on how one chooses to view these distortions. British history is not taught in a particularly balanced way in the UK, especially when it comes to more modern issues such as the Irish "troubles".
That being said, I am cognizant of some of the appalling atrocities committed by the English and then the British over the years. For example, I know about the pogrom against the Jews of York in that city's castle in 1190, one of the reasons being the debt a local noble owed and didn't want to pay. I also know that Oliver Cromwell's invasion of Ireland was a disgustingly bloody affair, and that more recently, indefensible acts have been carried out in that country in the name of the United Kingdom. I could continue with British actions in India, much of Africa, or even the initial English colonisation efforts in North America, but the point has been made: we should know about these things, and we do.
In America, it seems that teaching the past failings of the state and its people is a taboo, leaving the populace unable to critically consider how it got to where it is now and often in possession of a history that is simply not true. Loewen points out with exceptional clarity examples such as Columbus. American textbooks claim that he sailed west, discovered the Americas, and found that the world was not, after all, flat. The previous sentence can only be considered true if it ends with "sailed west". He most definitely did not discover the Americas - which were populated when he arrived - and sailors had known for centuries that the earth was curved - a ship's hull disappearing over the horizon before its sails will tell anyone that.
However, Loewen does not simply limit himself to correcting the simple untruths of history. He vigorously, and quite rightly, attacks the coverage of Woodrow Wilson, a white supremacist who meddled in the affairs of other nations, often creating long-term problems both locally and for America itself by constantly launching invasions of other states. He also criticizes the most recent American interventions in Iran and Lebanon, which have created sectarian and political issues in those countries, and even the Vietnam War, which was portrayed as a moral intervention when it most certainly was not.
What Loewen is at great pains to point out, and what he covers so well, is that the books used to teach Americans about how they came to be where they are today depict government after government as spotless, and their "mistakes" as misunderstandings. Wrongful executions, the napalming of vast areas of jungle in Vietnam and Laos, continued attempts to assassinate Fidel Castro, and many other unforgivable horrors - all are either painted as the unfortunate errors of a nation striving to do good, or else completely ignored as inconvenient.
"Lies My Teacher Told Me" is a scathing indictment of how American high school students are taught about their country. Thoroughly researched and filled with incisive, to-the-point arguments, if James Loewen's work has not yet brought about a change in an education system run by interest groups, then it's high time it did. America is not the only country that distorts its history beyond recognition - Russians are taught a version of history so far from the truth that it shouldn't even be called history - but for a country that likes to pride itself on openness and progress, Loewen asks questions that demand answers.
Without question, this is the greatest non-fiction book I have ever read. To illustrate that claim, let me highlight that it served, in large part, as the inspiration for my master's thesis.
In it, Loewen, a college professor, is constantly frustrated by how little his young, incoming freshmen know about history. So, in the late 90s he wrote a scathing investigation of the most common history textbooks used in secondary classes. He details how poorly these textbooks link events, leaving students with little idea how one occurrence causes another.
But more importantly, he decries how much these textbooks turn historical figures into heroes, rather than actual human beings. As a few examples: Abraham Lincoln's private journal makes it apparent that he did not emancipate slaves because he thought slavery immoral, but because he thought it economically unmanageable. Hellen Keller, a committed Socialist, did not believe anyone could improve their station in life if they worked hard enough, which is of course the lesson her childhood is supposed to teach us. And Woodrow Wilson was a rabid racist and a member of the Ku Klux Klan. But these truths are never taught to secondary students, for reasons that are at best ineffectual.
Loewen could not be more brutal in his assessment of secondary school's historical lessons. And he, and this book, will forever be one of my models as I continue teaching. I would encourage any and everyone to read this book; more than any other source, it will help you become a better American citizen. It makes you question the information you have been taught and look at history from a more critical perspective. By understanding the true nature of historical events and figures, we can make more informed decisions in the present and work towards a better future.