Much has been said to minimize and even condemn the so-called Latin American boom of the last decades of the 20th century. It was linked to commercial success, that the writers were Europeanized Latin Americans, and that it left out women. All valid criticisms. But every time I return to those writers, I cannot help but marvel at their literary technique, experimentation, and the power of their stories.
Artemio Cruz is dying at the age of 71. Laid up and mute, he witnesses the preparations of his indifferent and greedy family for his death. Meanwhile, he reviews the crucial moments of his life, living them as if for the first time, transforming the past into the present and the future. His past as a guerrilla in the Mexican Revolution; the decisions that led him to become the powerful and wealthy man he is; the genuine, imposed, or frustrated loves; and the guilt for the betrayals and oversights that cost him dearly those he knew how to love.
Fuentes constructs with true mastery a wonderfully complex novel, where the fusion of times is expressed in an immaculate use of verb tenses, and the different narrative voices account for the fragmentation of identity. Artemio remembers chaotically, jumping from one era to another, and in that fragmented reconstruction of the past (which also has something of a confession), an extraordinary mural of the contemporary history of Mexico and that sad step that inevitably victorious revolutions take from rebellion to the conservatism of a new social order emerges: "unfortunate country that has to destroy the old owners and replace them with new masters, as rapacious and ambitious as the previous ones." Fuentes' pen is simply dazzling. It is worth delving into the Faulknerian labyrinth he constructs and savoring each paragraph.
The Death of Artemio Cruz can be regarded as a fictionalized account of Mexico's history. It is told in a disjointed, time-shifting, and stream-of-conscious style, with the character of Artemio Cruz serving as a unifying device. The wealthy newspaperman lies on his deathbed, reflecting on his life, choices, and role in Mexico's history. Despite my initial unfamiliarity with the history, I believe the book deserves the title of a classic. It reminds me of other works such as The Leopard, The Power and the Glory, and Under the Volcano, and has a parallel to Citizen Kane.
The book is not easy to read. Besides the wealth of historical detail, the style was initially challenging. Each chapter is divided into three parts: the present stream-of-consciousness as Cruz suffers, an unnamed second-person voice that triggers memories, and an omniscient third-person view of a critical period. The story spans from the turn of the century to the 1950s, depicting a forceful man who amassed wealth through corruption and oppression, and how the revolution's ideals were lost. However, as I read further, the stylistic intent became clearer, and the difficulty diminished, although I still had to research the history.
Frankly, I'm ashamed of my lack of knowledge about this history. If one were only interested in the history, I'm not sure if I'd recommend Artemio Cruz as a good source, but it definitely piqued my interest in learning more. I've read little literature from this region or further south, but what I have read has been engaging. I look forward to reading more of Carlos Fuentes and re-reading Artemio Cruz in the future.