Michener's "Mexico" was written in 1992. He utilized the sport of bullfighting and fictional modern (1961) toreros, Juan Gomez and Victoriano, to construct a framework. Through this, his characters tell the history of the Mexican people. After reading the book, I turned to Wikipedia, suspecting that modern sensibilities might have significantly altered the bullfighting world. Indeed, the sport/art is now banned in five Mexican states, including Mexico City. The story mainly unfolds in the fictional city of Toledo and centers around photojournalist Norman Clay. Born in Mexico, married to a Mexican woman but now divorced and living in the U.S., working for a major newspaper, he is assigned to photograph and write about an important bullfight at the Festival of Ixmic in Toledo. Victoriano, of Spanish descent, is known as "The Filigreed (or delicate) Dancer," while Juan Gomez is sometimes called "The Brutal Indian" due to his combination of skill, bravery, awkwardness, and stubbiness. Michener examines the perceived differences in the heritage of the Mexican people, those descended from the Altomec Indians and those from Spanish immigrants. Generally, native Mexicans are depicted as less noble, cultured, graceful, and proper than their Spanish-descended counterparts. To his credit, Michener later states that one is not better than the other, just fundamentally different. I discussed this with my adult son, especially regarding the issues of dishonesty, bribery, and corruption in Mexico. We concluded that while these issues exist everywhere, if more prevalent in one society, it has more to do with a government system that allows official corruption and contributes to rampant poverty and desperation than with any inherent difference in the people. Besides the near demise of bullfighting since the novel was written, current attitudes towards stereotyping may have also prevented the book from being written today or changed its tone.
The structure of the book differs from what I expect in a Michener historic epic. Instead of a continuous plot spanning multiple generations of a family, he focuses on the present and uses a few characters to tell Mexico's past. I enjoy both techniques in his work.
He tells the story of human sacrifices by the Altomecs between AD 1151 and 1519. Apparently, this ritual may have begun due to the fear that the sun threatened to disappear as days shortened near the Winter Solstice. Michener's research, which is legendary, shows that while most sacrifices were from their own people, one horrible day saw the sacrifice of about 6,000 members of an enemy populace. During this 400-year era, there were probably over one million human sacrifices.
While Michener always intends the story of a people to be the main focus, I was actually most fascinated by his lengthy description of the great pyramid near his fictional Toledo, making me eager to visit the actual pyramid that inspired him, which likely was the Pyramid of the Sun near Mexico City. It sounds like a marvel of design, engineering, and beauty. I enjoyed using Google Maps photos to look at the sites I imagined Michener used as models for the fictional places in the book. After reading "Mexico," I've been searching for examples of Pre-Columbian art on Yahoo Images - it's amazing! I need to read a book on that topic alone. I've also added Hemingway's novel about bullfighting, "Death in the Afternoon," to my reading list.
I had a few frustrations with the novel regarding extraneous, missing, or incorrect information. I felt his foray into the American Civil War was unnecessary. Earlier, in 1847, during "The Mexican War," Mexico City was taken by the United States, but Michener didn't follow up to let us know when it returned to Mexican rule. In his depiction of the dangers of bullfighting, he made a medical misstatement. He said that a goring after eating a meal was more serious than in a fasting torero because spilling food from the gut would cause septicemia and death. In reality, it makes no difference as it is the indigenous gut flora that creates peritonitis. Finally, while Michener clearly took pride in learning and teaching all aspects of bullfighting, I remained strangely uninformed about how a bullfight with three toreros is officiated, scored, and decided.
Of course, Michener spends a fair amount of time on the 20th Century with details of the revolution. If you're in the mood for a highly operatic and dramatic comedy film that irreverently portrays some fictional and real characters from that era in Mexico, check out Sergio Leone's "A Fistful of Dynamite" with Rod Steiger and James Coburn.
When considering the vastness of a country's history, Michener is a master at developing a plot that allows characters and situations to gradually narrate that history in a highly entertaining way.