The concept, perspective, and type of expression in puppet shows are adjustable and extremely fascinating.

However, at the same time, a puppet show is highly dialogue and decoupage-centered. Due to many specific situations and humorous elements that are only accessible and displayable during the performance, it does not have an easy and attractive reading.

In short, it is better to see a puppet show than to read about it!

Puppet shows offer a unique form of entertainment that combines art, drama, and creativity. The puppets themselves can take on various forms and personalities, bringing stories to life in a vivid and engaging way.

The dialogue in puppet shows is often crucial for driving the narrative and creating comical or emotional moments. It requires skilled puppeteers to manipulate the puppets and deliver the lines with precision and expression.

While reading about a puppet show can provide some insights into its concept and storyline, it cannot fully capture the magic and charm of the actual performance. The visual and auditory elements, as well as the interaction between the puppets and the audience, all contribute to the overall experience.

Therefore, if you have the opportunity, it is definitely worth going to see a puppet show to truly appreciate its beauty and entertainment value.

3.5

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Dudar: My heart is sad! Duty orders me to follow my dreams and friends, now come what may.

Branjeh: You talk as if you are married to them.

Dudar: I have taken the vow of marriage. I prefer the global family to the smaller family.

Dzi: (with regret) We will be very sorry for your behavior, Dudar. No other work will come from us except this.

Dudar: Duty orders me not to neglect them, and I follow my duty.

Descartes named four stages of life for you: what kind of life does a donkey become, and a donkey lion, a child lion, and finally, a crawling child.

1. What was it that Descartes found in a corner of his room and vowed to doubt everything? A huge earthquake in all his beliefs and convictions until he could distance himself from what he could not be certain of and look at what he could, and according to his own words: "I will correct my own thoughts and build a solid foundation that I myself can be the follower of." And at the end of this path, he achieved his great discovery: I doubt everything, but I cannot doubt my own doubting. I think; therefore I am. It is said that this was the moment when the special seed was sown. The special seed, the foundation for all beliefs.

2. In the first act of Ionesco's play "Rhinoceros", we see Jean and Berenger, these two old friends, chatting. Berenger is not in a good mood and has no clear mind or proper condition. He opens his heart's journey to his friend: I have a heart that does not rest. I constantly feel my body's existence. As if it is made of lead. I have not gotten used to myself. As if living has become an unusual thing. I constantly ask myself if I really exist? Jean answers: "You do not exist, dear friend... because you do not think... think, and then you will exist."

3. In ancient Greece, when man looked up at the sky above his head, he saw a beautiful order (cosmos) that was in contrast to chaos (chaos). The beautiful order that he felt himself to be a part of. The Christian man also, when he was lost in the stars in the sky, saw a world that was created and given by his God. A God who does not return to his work every day and not only affirmed that this work was from him, but also said that because it was from him, it was good. Now the modern man, the man who has set foot on the field of existence after Descartes, the man who "has been freed from the burden that he had placed on himself since childhood", what does this man see when he is lost in the darkness of the universe? What does he think?

4. Cassirer, in an essay on "The Philosophy of Man", speaks of the crisis that man faces. A crisis that stems from the question of what man is and his place in this world. Before that day, man lived either in a beautiful order or in a world where the will of God reigns. But the new science gradually put all kinds of teleology into question. Man was a mere accidental product of nature. Without any other meaning. Now the question of man's origin and essence and his purpose and meaning is meaningless. The man who until then had walked lightly on the ground, in a world that is constantly in motion, has fallen into confusion. The man whose eyes see nothing in the darkness of the universe but whose soul feels many empty places.

5. Was thinking sufficient for existence? We pointed out that Descartes tried to build all his beliefs and convictions on a solid foundation. But will these pillars of the palace that Descartes was seeking to build bear the weight of existence? What fate does a man who, according to Kant, has found the courage to use his own understanding and is not going to go under any belief that has not been digested by his reason anymore?

6. Berenger is lost in front of the mirror. All those he knew had chosen to become rhinoceroses, and now Berenger is the only one who has resisted becoming a rhinoceros. Although he knows that there is no reason left for man to remain. So he resorts to a blind will. Berenger says to himself: "Oh, how hard it is! Woe to the state in which he wants to preserve his authenticity... very well! To the understanding! I defend myself against all of them. I am the last man and I will remain so until the end. I will not surrender."

In the prologue, Ayberk Erkay writes as follows:

‘Tension is the moment of metamorphosis that occurs with the mutual erosion of the real and the metaphorical, and it is our witnessing of a human condition. With the voices and words borrowed from Ionesco.’

On a quiet Sunday, in a quiet town.

While everyone is in their own state, a tension passes through the street. Yes, yes, with its huge body, it has passed like the wind and everyone present has seen it.

Then another, then another...

And even those who deny what they have seen have turned into what they have seen.

Are you perhaps one of those we couldn't tense up?

.

I hadn't been reading plays for a long time, perhaps because I thought it wouldn't take me away. But Tension rooted me in the place where I was, made me look around me and showed that what it criticized was a reality of every era - every place. Ignoring, ‘even happiness is selfish by the nature of things’, is the easiest escape of denial, but my development will sooner or later prevent this escape.

I loved Tension very much for the power it contains in its simplicity.

.

Translated by Ayberk Erkay, with the cover design by Davut Yücel ~

"Woe to him who desires to preserve his authenticity." This statement holds a profound meaning. In a world that is constantly evolving and changing, the concept of authenticity has become a precious and often elusive quality. Many people strive to be true to themselves, to maintain their unique identities and values in the face of various pressures and influences.

However, the path to preserving authenticity is not an easy one. It requires courage, self-awareness, and the ability to resist the temptations and distractions that may lead one astray. It means being willing to stand up for what one believes in, even when it goes against the mainstream or the expectations of others.

Those who succeed in preserving their authenticity are often rewarded with a sense of inner peace and fulfillment. They are able to live their lives with integrity and purpose, and to make a positive impact on the world around them. On the other hand, those who sacrifice their authenticity in the pursuit of other goals may find themselves feeling empty and unfulfilled, having lost touch with the very essence of who they are.

I'm afraid that I might become one of them.

... This dialogue belongs to Brancho. Brancho didn't want to be a kergadan!

_ Well, my dear, who would want to be a kergadan? Even if everyone wants to be a kergadan, it still seems strange that I would be one of them.

_ It depends on how long you are afraid of being one of the kergadans. And don't use complex logical and philosophical equations or underground distractions to suppress your fear.

In this field, education and social status are worthless.

...

...

UNESCO probably wrote the play "Kergadan" in response to the mass communist movements in the early 20th century; but if we limit the current concept of "kergadan" to communism or the era of UNESCO, in fact, we are making ourselves vulnerable to the charge of being a kergadan.

This is what a rhinoceros sounds like. It's truly an odd and unique sound. It's not the typical trumpeting one might expect. Instead, it's more like a trumpet meowing, a combination that is both strange and fascinating. Do you still deny all the evidence related to rhinoceroses? They are such magnificent creatures, yet there is still so much we don't know about them, like rhinoceritis for example. Sadly, good men may make good rhinoceroses, but that doesn't mean everything is perfect in the world of these animals. And you consider this state of affairs natural? What could be more natural than a rhinoceros?

Ionesco's rhinoceros in his play is as vast and significant as Melville's whale in his work. I'm being completely serious here! The rhinoceros in Ionesco's play represents everything that tramples and disrupts. This play is truly great as it delves into the complex nature of society and the human condition through the symbol of the rhinoceros. It makes us think and question our own perceptions and beliefs.

Tročina drama Joneskoa, which is inspired by the events of the 1930s in the 20th century when fascism emerged on the scene and initially insidiously took positions in many European societies.

Conformism, as a form of behavior that is inherent in people committed to totalitarian ideologies, is here inspired by Kafka's transformation, more precisely, as the author himself stated that Gregor Samsa was an inspiration to him. Gregar's instinct is best portrayed in the last act when they try to draw Beranžea into their fold, and he resists, going crazy and becoming increasingly drawn into the spiral of silence.

The drama is generally a strong critique of conformism, regardless of the political or some other connotation, and shows how an individual easily changes his opinion, reconciles it with the prevailing views, and because of that psychological matrix, it is untimely.

It makes the audience think about the power of conformism and how it can affect individuals and society as a whole.

It also highlights the importance of maintaining one's own individuality and not succumbing to the pressure of the crowd.

Overall, the drama is a thought-provoking work that offers valuable insights into the human condition and the dangers of conformism.

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Os Rinocerontes também Voam

In a grocery store, some regular customers are gathered when a remote and unidentifiable sound disturbs the pleasant atmosphere of the humble establishment.

However, as the said noise intensifies, the conversations are interrupted and the curiosities are sharpened. After some expectant moments, the enigma is revealed: A RHINOCEROS

Even if it means going to the theatre, you might as well go to a classic that you have never before read.

This rhino did not disappoint me. We are amid the theme of the absurd. Here, the beings trade their existence to become rhinoceros, animals undoubtedly sympathetic but ugly.

Yet, those who make the transition find advantages in this mutation. Everyone goes there: the convinced, the skeptics, the weak, the strong, the lovers.

The link with the rise of Nazism is easy to make: How to follow an aberrant doctrine against all rational thought. Ionesco very well renders the mass effect.

Bérenger's last tirade pushes the absurdity of the situation to its height! It is a dense, original, and effortless to read work. It makes you think deeply about the nature of conformity, the power of peer pressure, and the ease with which people can abandon their individuality. The play's荒诞情节and thought-provoking themes make it a must-see for anyone interested in theatre or philosophy.

Overall, I highly recommend "Rhinoceros" to anyone looking for a unique and engaging theatrical experience.

[3.9⭐]

“El rinoceronte” is a key work of the Theatre of the Absurd, written by Eugène Ionesco in 1954. Here, it explores dehumanization and social conformity. The rhinoceros symbolizes the mass without critical thinking, which is carried away by both kindness and violence. The play describes how the inhabitants of a small town transform into rhinoceroses, leaving the protagonist, Berenguer, as the only human who resists this metamorphosis.

The first thing to note when reading this work is that after metatheatre, the Theatre of the Absurd emerged, a movement with a solid philosophical base rooted in the existentialism of Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus. This literary and theatrical movement draws on the gloomy atmosphere of post-war Europe, where the search for meaning in an incomprehensible world becomes primordial. Martin Esslin's criticism categorizes this theatre as influenced by philosophy and psychology and requiring an active audience due to its symbolic nature and illogical and incoherent language. This theatre has attracted my attention quite a bit for being so unique and original.

Each character manages to be really interesting and eye-catching. Ionesco makes each of them have a rather pronounced personality. Berenguer, the protagonist, is a character criticized for his appearance and habits but stands out for his resistance to conformity. Through his perspective, the play exposes the absurdity of the world and his struggle to maintain his human identity. As for Juan, he is a friend of the latter; he is responsible and meticulous but hypocritical and is one of the first to succumb to the regime of the rhinoceroses. Then, there are characters like Daisy, who is Berenguer's coworker and eventually also adapts to the situation and joins the rhinoceroses. There is also Botard, a retired professor and skeptic, who initially denies the existence of the rhinoceroses but eventually surrenders to them. Dudard is a coworker of Berenguer, an intellectual and neutral, who likewise succumbs to the influence of the rhinoceroses.

The secondary characters, such as the logical one and other inhabitants of the town, represent the mass without its own identity, repeating phrases and behaviors without reflection.

Another important and very remarkable point would be the themes it has. The play focuses on the incomprehensibility of the world and dehumanization through social conformity. Ionesco uses elements of farce, humor, and cabaret to challenge theatrical conventions and break the scenic illusion. The play lacks an explicit moral, leaving the public with the task of reflecting on the meaning of the transformation into a rhinoceros and the loss of individuality.

Finally, I can say that “El rinoceronte” is an emblematic work of the Theatre of the Absurd, full of symbolism and social criticism. Its exploration of dehumanization and conformity remains relevant, although its style can be challenging for some audiences. It has great intellectual value and has a strong impact on the theatre, although it may not be to everyone's taste due to its complexity and abstract approach.