Originally published on my blog here in July 2003.
Among Banks' early experiments with narrative forms, The Bridge stands out as the most successful novel. Similar to Walking on Glass, it employs interlocked yet seemingly distinct narratives and combines elements from science fiction and literary fiction. Its influences range from writers like Kafka and Dick. One of the threads is a Scottish dialect parody of pulp sword and sorcery fantasy, such as Conan the Barbarian.
Unlike in Walking on Glass, Banks uses common images and symbols to relate the threads even before the events become clear. Geology (the book's sections are named after geological eras), the body of an unconscious man in the hospital, and, most importantly, bridges - including a more metaphorical link between the lands of the living and the dead in one of the narratives - all serve to connect the different storylines.
The narrative thread that has the strongest impact on the reader is about an amnesiac who is rescued from the water surrounding an immense bridge inhabited by thousands of people. The senseless bureaucracy and outlandish customs he encounters in this story remind one of Kafka. A small literary connection is that this character shares his name with the Lieutenant in Catch-22 (another book about impossible bureaucracy) who rows to Norway.
In the end, the success or failure of The Bridge, or any experimental fiction of this type, as a novel depends on two things. The first is the reader satisfaction generated by each narrative, which is consistently high here, even though the stories may not seem to have a particular purpose or direction. The second is the way in which the connections are used to bring the narrative together at the end, which is also well done, although I wouldn't give it full marks (it seems rather unimaginative for a writer of Banks' caliber). The third aspect, which I don't think is as successful, is the justification for splitting the narrative in the first place. Perhaps more could have been added at the end to make this clearer as the stories are combined. (It is easy enough to figure out what is going on, but it would be more satisfying if the reader could understand more about what each thread means in the context of the whole.)
In many experimental novels, the only interesting aspect is the ingenuity of the idea being tested, whether it's the form of the narrative, an unusual point of view, the novel's structure, or something else. Compared to more traditional literature, which has centuries of reader familiarity with its conventions, they can be difficult to read and offer little reward for the effort required. The Bridge is not like that, even if it isn't entirely successful; it is a fascinating and enjoyable novel.