A Meditation on Psychopathy
Oates makes us aware that there are individuals who seem to lack an essential part of what makes us human. They are like incomplete beings, missing some crucial 'wetware' that prevents them from fitting in with others. This implies a scale of humanness, where some are more fully human than others. This is the essence of Oates's exploration into the mind of a fictional psychopath.
Psychopathy is a difficult concept for any society to handle. These people are not insane but rather defective in some fundamental way. The question then arises: how can we identify them? By what standards can we determine that they are sub-human?
Terrorists, school shooters, racist skinheads, and violent political activists are often technically sane, yet something is amiss. There may be genetic or environmental factors that contribute to their behavior, but their inability to be swayed by reason suggests that they cannot be considered full members of human society.
However, it's not clear what exactly constitutes human reason. Nevertheless, it must begin with the idea that argument, or language, is the means by which we conduct and, hopefully, resolve disputes. Therefore, proficiency in the use of language is a characteristic of those who are more human.
But how do we measure this proficiency? Is it the narrow skill of a scientist explaining complex ideas to like-minded colleagues? Or the rhetorical skill of a lawyer appealing to a jury's emotions? Or perhaps the manipulative and dishonest skill of a Trump at one of his populist rallies? All of these are highly skilled in their own ways.
In fact, some people are so adept at using language that they can actually incite the very inhuman behavior that language should help us avoid. Their skill can be used to promote revolution, which is often violent, by turning language against itself. Language doesn't exist in a vacuum; it is contained and expressed within institutions such as courts, professions, and political parties, which have specific rules for its use. Skill in navigating these rules is often more important than the skill of language itself.
These institutions define the language that can be used and the reasons that are acceptable in an argument. The more serious the reasons that are excluded as invalid, the greater the likelihood of revolution. The expansion of the range of valid reasons in institutional argumentation is a significant achievement of liberal democracy. Anyone who tries to limit the reasons available for institutionalized argument, which is equivalent to restricting democratic participation, can be considered a psychopath.
The psychopath doesn't argue with reasons; he simply states his opinions as they come to him, especially when it comes to institutions involving language. Giving reasons is precisely what the psychopath doesn't do. He has no reasons, only urges. He doesn't want to expand the range of acceptable reasons in a debate. Instead, he despises all reasons in deference to his urges.
The psychopath is terrifying precisely because he has no rational basis for his actions. His only goal is to satisfy the itch that drives him. He is not a revolutionary but a nihilist who has no qualms about destroying all institutions of language and, with them, the civilization they represent. "My whole body is a numb tongue," says Quentin, Oates's psychopath. His every word is a destructive distortion of language.
These are the thoughts that consume me as I anticipate the state visit of the psychopath, Donald Trump, to this beautiful and peaceful land. It seems to me that Oates understood this man without ever having met him - a creature of the slime who is less than human.
The book arrived in good condition. A large part of the story held me captive, making me eager to keep reading. However, that ending completely spoiled everything. If the book had ended several pages earlier...
The narration, although it took me a while to get used to, I absolutely loved. It is very realistic. Oates created an excellent psychotic protagonist in this novel, whom you hate with all your might throughout the entire story.
It is a very intense book considering the small number of pages it has. It manages to produce a great deal of tension, hatred, and repulsion in you. But, in my opinion, well-developed psychopaths in literature always cause that type of sensation.
I would recommend it to people with a tolerant stomach since the descriptions of both rapes and tortures are very graphic. Also to anyone who is curious since I finished reading it for this very reason.