One of the absolute best non-fiction books I have ever had the privilege of reading. It serves as a truly shocking indictment of what is supposed to be the global community's complicity in the Rwandan genocide that took place in the 1990s. During that tragic time, the Hutu Power movement methodically and systematically exterminated hundreds of thousands of their Tutsi countrymen, along with any fellow Hutus who had the courage to refuse to engage in the genocide themselves. Meanwhile, the United Nations seemed to just sit idly by, doing nothing. The United States was more preoccupied with maintaining appearances and getting caught up in semantics rather than taking decisive action to put an end to the bloodshed. And to make matters even worse, France actively provided support, which only served to prolong the killing. Gourevitch does, however, also highlight some remarkable examples of heroic opposition to the genocide. But for me, this is predominantly a story that showcases humanity at its very worst. It's about the perpetrators who committed these heinous crimes and the international observers who, through their inaction, allowed it all to happen.
I simply cannot put into words just how powerful this book truly is. It is a work that I feel compelled to read again. The Rwandan genocide, which occurred nearly twenty years ago, is a topic that I had not delved into deeply enough before. This book has opened my eyes to the underlying issues that led to the killing of 800,000 Tutsis within a mere three months. It also reveals the horrific extent to which the rest of the world simply stood by and watched, and in the case of France, actually aided the Hutus in their slaughter.
I found Gourevitch's exploration of the history of Rwanda to be most fascinating. The colonial creation of ethnic Hutus and Tutsis, drawing arbitrary distinctions between people that were not part of the existing cultural landscape, is a crucial aspect that many Americans may not be fully aware of. There is a common misperception of "tribal violence" in Africa, with a very racist picture of a continent filled with warring factions that are thousands of years old. However, this misperception掩盖了 two crucial facts. Firstly, the "ethnic differences" between Hutus and Tutsis are a creation of colonialists, and people themselves often cannot tell a Hutu from a Tutsi. Secondly, what took place in Rwanda was not warfare but an outright slaying of Tutsi people by the Hutus.
And yet, while 800,000 people were brutally killed one by one, with machetes, thrown down wells and latrines, hacked and tortured in the most arduous manners, the UN, the US, and the rest of the world stood by. Gourevitch, a journalist, interviews survivors, killers, politicians, soldiers, and generals to paint a vivid picture of the energy and time it took to carry out these killings one by one with machetes. And then there is the fact that the French army actually supported the Hutus. It may sound like an unbearably difficult book to read, but it is of utmost importance that we do so and strive to understand. The world said "never again" after Hitler, and yet we stood by again. This book is definitely a must-read.