When it comes to this book, one should first start with the fact that the very idea of the story is really quite good: the encounter of Cro-Magnon (or otherwise early anatomically modern humans) with Neanderthals, and more precisely, the story of one of the Cro-Magnon girls who ends up in the Neanderthal clan.
I'm not a big history lover in this way, but at least from the perspectives of lifestyle and culture, almost all historical periods are interesting to me, including the early Stone Age, during which the plot develops. And the Neanderthal VS human plot line is very, very favorable for writing a novel. Currently, there are five theories as to why Neanderthals became extinct:
a) They assimilated with humans (because, it turns out, interbreeding between species was possible and a large majority of us carry approximately 1.8 to 2.6% of Neanderthal-derived genes in our genome);
b) We physically wiped them out;
c) We lived peacefully beside them for a long time and they simply died out due to demographic problems (competition with us smarter ones, of course, didn't help either, but shit happens, it's not our fault);
d) Due to a different immune system, they couldn't withstand the bacteria and parasites we brought;
e) Climate change, due to which Neanderthals couldn't adapt to the era and the changed rules;
The most interesting part is that there is actually no information that would more convincingly support any of the theories, so it can be said that they are all equally likely, which leaves a very, very wide freedom of action and theories for writers.
Jean Auel herself prepared for writing this book more than what are called "method actors" prepare for a role - for months and months she didn't deviate from the pursuit of paleologists, joined a survivalist group to learn how to prepare hides, tan skins, start a fire, chip stone, spent a lot of time learning and researching medicinal plants. All of this is very impressive, but it also has its price: the book sometimes more resembles not a novel, but a manual for handicrafts, and the biggest minus is that all these stories about daily tasks and the gathering of medicinal plants and the making of tools simply never end. This is not bad, to be honest, I read a not small part of the information with great interest, and the research work should also be separately mentioned. The only problem for me in the English language are the descriptive nouns, especially the names of birds and plants. There were so many names here, and not only that, such that I haven't even heard them much in Lithuanian, and here they also had to be translated from another language.
In any case, this is a rather not bad coming-of-age novel, true, in very unusual circumstances. But I really liked it just because of its originality and non-traditional plot. Of course, there is a not small part of the "really?" factor, but there's nothing to be done about it - if we're talking about what was 40,000 years ago, there are certain moments that will ultimately come down to take it or leave it. I'm among those who took it. 4*, although with a bit of an advance - but three, I think, would be too few, because I really read this book with great interest and pleasure.
The author has a tendency to "info-dump", frequently disrupting the story's flow to provide lengthy descriptions of plants, rocks, and characters' appearances. While I understand the importance of setting, as most readers aren't familiar with the flora and fauna of Ice Age Europe, the depiction could have been better. Maybe if the prose weren't so purple or if the same caves, valleys, and plants weren't described repeatedly, I wouldn't have minded as much.
The repetition is also a major issue. Constantly reiterating how different, special, strange, and unique Ayla is becomes tiresome. We get it, she's from a different species, but the author needs to move on.
The faulty science in the book is another problem. For example, the claim that the size of the Clan members' (Neandertals) heads is related to their knowledge capacity is inaccurate. While skull size influences brain size, brain size and intelligence aren't directly correlated. Additionally, the idea that they can't progress technologically because their brains and skulls would have to get larger is also incorrect. And the references to "the memories" and the Clan members' supposed mystical abilities to access and share ancestral memories are historically and scientifically ridiculous.
Just as ludicrous are the assertions that the Clan people can speak but not laugh or cry. These are clearly just plot devices to make Ayla stand out, but the lack of logic in these distinctions makes me question if the author put any thought into them.
Finally, the fact that all the Neandertal characters have dark hair, skin, and eyes while Ayla is blonde, blue-eyed, and fair-skinned gives the impression of a white supremacist agenda. Ayla is portrayed as being better at everything than the Clan people, bringing them luck and receiving divine retribution when treated badly.