In "Absalom, Absalom!", Faulkner weaves a complex narrative, much like the intricate wisteria that climbs and spreads over a building, covering it with beautiful yet sensuous flowers. This wisteria, mentioned several times at the beginning of the story, is an external metaphor for Faulkner's narrative. It is a story with branches full of fire for burning, which rise with uncertainty and wildness on the southern/architectural/dramatic surface that Faulkner and his characters have built with forgotten, neglected, and desolate materials. The lush branches of the wisteria/narrative cover the entire surface of this architecture/south/past and its inhabitants, so that the reader/Shreve and Quentin, in their first look/read/listen, do not see it face to face with its cruelty and darkness, and do not turn away from it in confusion before getting involved.
Faulkner's narrative lines are as intertwined as the branches of the wisteria. These branches seem to have passed through and over each other, making it difficult to trace the path of each one in the midst of this green and intertwined chaos. One must look away from the enchanting spectacle of the flowers overheated with sensuous heat in the southern summer, carefully and skillfully separate the branches and nodes with the eye, until finally reaching the place where they all meet, their main trunk. But isn't the story/tree nothing but these individual branches, nodes, and flowers?
Faulkner's narrative - apart from its rich and captivating content, which remains like the rich honey and scent of the wisteria flowers - is precisely in the arrangement of the storytelling, in this very complexity and play of lights that do not easily let go of the story line and its details. One must raise the curtains a little, and pass over the fragrant and charming trunk/story, become a partner in the search and the light and heavy weights of the narratives in the sweating narrators of Faulkner, and take advantage of this growing tree full of the juice of life.
Now let's see if the implementation of this complex form of narrative in "Absalom, Absalom!" is just a futile exercise, and a showy decoration in the narrative form of the story? The modernist writer believes that since the narrative of each narrator has a different relationship with reality, it cannot be accepted with certainty, and this narrative must be considered only as a partial and fragmented part of the puzzle of reality. Therefore, in order to define a story or an event, one must either accept the uncertainty of the story and reflect this feature in the narrative, or try to reach a fragmented and mosaic-like image of the essence of the story by defining the story from different perspectives and with the help of various narrators, like a Cubist painting.
In this case, since we are faced with a historical story in the recent past (with a time gap of 50 years), and many of the events have been forgotten, or have been turned into secrets due to the conservative spirit of the South, it is natural that a single narrator - who, due to possible friendship or enmity with the characters in the story, has the potential to distort the events - cannot come up with a complete, perfect, and of course, reliable narrative of the story. Therefore, Faulkner has no choice but to rely on different narrators with different biases and motives for concealment, judgment, and emphasis on specific parts of the story.
In this regard, Faulkner's narrative of the story of the Sutpen family is a set of intertwined narratives that are full of speculations, marginalizations, and judgments of his narrators - and it is precisely based on these characteristics of each narrative that one can and should draw the motives of the narrator from his biases and his relationship with the characters in the story. In fact, each narrative, along with the storytelling of the Sutpen family story, is also drawing a picture of its narrator.
In the ancient stories, David is a young shepherd who pushes Samuel aside and builds his own kingdom on the Israelites and the land of Judah. And when he sits on the throne of power and glory, he faces the rebellion of his son, Absalom, this young and wild man, and the inevitable indirect killing of him, in such a way that his family and his kingdom are on the verge of destruction and disgrace. In "Absalom, Absalom!" too, we are faced with a man/landowner full of ambition and greed, who nothing can stop him from building an architecture and a family/estate of his own, except his descendants.
Faulkner's South is a threshold; a southern/architectural on the verge of collapse, built on the basis of ethics and rules of a caste and discriminatory society, and its upholders, with their eternal ambition and pride, always stand firm and will remain so. But with the resurgence of some dark memories of their past (the Civil War) and the sudden rebellion of the young and wild sons, this architecture collapses, and only a lonely, burned-out/architectural skeleton remains in the South, and its only heirs are either cautious old men or half-crazy people who have lost their way to bring back the glorious past of the caste. In fact, "Absalom, Absalom!" is a story of youth who carry the brand of the disgrace of their fathers' deeds on their foreheads and struggle in vain to ignore this bloody and naked inheritance and rush into the destructive war of their fathers'/South's inheritance and their ethical system. But in the end, they are inevitably doomed to throw their fate into the hands of fate and judgment, the civil war and the destruction of their land/family.
While the South in the novel "Gone with the Wind" - which was published at the same time as this book - is a South where the young and passionate "Scarletts" must pull a piece of it out of the ruins of war and build and populate it, the South that "Absalom, Absalom!"描绘 is "dead since 1865 [the end of the war], and its inhabitants had taken on the appearance of the ghosts of the ancient and hated battlefield" (p. 17). A land whose soil cannot bear the growth and lushness and fertility of the green and young wisterias, and they are doomed to wither, and even the old Sutpen, who is proud of his work, cannot bring back the prosperity and glory of it.... Because the soil of the South and its people have been desolated; a desolation that is as long as its history of slavery.
p. N: All the pleasure and happiness come from my companionship with Rouhollah, Sohrab, and Saeed.