Community Reviews

Rating(4.1 / 5.0, 100 votes)
5 stars
38(38%)
4 stars
37(37%)
3 stars
25(25%)
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100 reviews
April 1,2025
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"Colapso es una trampa ¡aléjense!". Pensé que esta debería ser la primera frase de mi reseña de este voluminoso ensayo del gran Jared Diamond, pero en el último momento me arrepentí y me di cuenta que era injusto para con un libro al que le gaste 200 banderitas Post It (¡chanfle! igual la frase quedo encabezando la reseña).

Por dónde comenzar a describir mi complicada experiencia con el libro.

Tal vez debería empezar contándoles que fue la segunda vez que leí un libro en compañía (o más bien debería decir "simultáneamente").

La lectura conjunta del libro fue la segunda experiencia piloto que emprendí con un buen amigo de lecturas, el nunca bien ponderado Juan Camilo (lean la reseña de Colapso escrita por el mismo Johnson aquí... y por ahí derecho lean todas sus otras reseñas ¡son muy originales!).

Creo que Juan Camilo coincidiría conmigo en una cosa: ¡fue una mala elección!. Ya habíamos leído "Crisis" del mismo autor y nos había ido bien. Pero no esperábamos que Colapso hiciera colapsar el futuro de nuestro piloto.

Primer problema: el libro es muy largo: 720 páginas en la edición de "Debolsillo" (¡de bolsillo!) y unas 1000 y cacho en la edición de Kindle. Pero creímos que ese no sería problema; al fin y al cabo libros tan o más largos se han escrito sobre la divulgación de la historia y la biogeografía. El problema es que a Colapso le sobran como 350 páginas.

Segundo problema: como lo menciona el mismo Diamond desde el principio (no vimos las señales), el contenido de este libro es parte de sus curso en la Universidad de California en los Ángeles. Mala cosa. El tono del libro es justamente ese: el tono muy académico de las notas de un curso del afamado Profesor Jared Diamond. El resultado: un verdadero ladrillo para quiénes no matriculamos la materia con Diamond. Imagino que los estudiantes del posgrado en historia de la UCLA disfrutaran del exceso de detalles en el libro, pero los lectores desprevenidos del autor de "Armas, Gérmenes y Acero" sinceramente nos sentimos traicionados (¿por los editores?).

Tercer problema: el libro comienza con el peor capítulo, "La Montana moderna". Una descripción extremadamente promenorizada (como para no usar polisílabos más largos) de los problemas ambientales que enfrenta la región de Montana en los Estados Unidos (¡¿a quién le importa realmente?!) en el tiempo en el que fue escrito el libro (2003). El autor incluso nos "recrea" con algunas transcripciones completas de las declaraciones de los vecinos de Montana (¡aburrido!).

¿Dónde estaban los editores de Diamond cuando el ganador del Pulitzer decidió comenzar su libro con un tema tan poco universal y aburrido? (espanta lectores). Tal vez lo de "Pulitzer" responda mi pregunta.

Les confieso que si no fuera por Juan Camilo, habría abandonado el libro en la mitad del primer capítulo.

Hasta aquí los problemas.

¿En que me gaste entonces las 200 banderitas?

Todo hay que decirlo: la idea del libro es ¡genial! (como lo fueron también las ideas de los otros dos libros de esta "saga", Armas, gérmenes y acero y Crisis, en los enlaces, mis reseñas de esos buenos libros).

Odio repetir las descripciones, pero no sobra mencionar que el libro enumera, describe y analiza el surgimiento y desaparición (o éxito) de una serie de sociedades del pasado y del presente, por la acción de una multitud de factores (que Diamond, como lo hace en sus otros libros, identifica y analiza).

El libro estudia los casos muy sonados (pero no tan bien conocidos, como termina uno descubriendo después de leer el libro) de la desaparición de la compleja sociedad de la Isla de Pascua, las multitudinarias sociedades Mayas o los pueblos anasasi en el suroeste de los Estados Unidos (que, al menos yo, conocí por la serie Cosmos). Pero también otros casos menos conocidos del colapso de sociedades del pasado, como es el caso de otros pueblos en islas del pacífico polinesio o los vikingos de Groenlandia (mis capítulos preferidos). Finalmente realiza un análisis de la gestión de los recursos y el inminente colapso (o éxito) de pueblos del presente, desde el fatídico caso de los campesinos ruandeses hasta la Australia minera.

No puedo decir que no aprendí muchísimo leyendo estos capítulos. Si algo bueno tienen los libros de Diamond de biogeografía es que terminas aprendiendo como un chucho sobre lugares del mundo que en la vida visitaras.

Pero tampoco les puedo decir que disfrute de los cientos de páginas dedicados a cada caso.

Que no se confunda sin embargo mi desazón como lector, con una falta de justa admiración como científico por el trabajo de documentación de Diamond. ¡Tremendo trabajo! Pero definitivamente no para un libro divulgativo (o no en la forma en la que quedo escrito).

Como siempre los últimos capítulos, en los que Diamond recoge todas las enseñanzas de su pormenorizado análisis de las sociedades del pasado y del presente, contienen una valiosa colección de lecciones sobre las malas o buenas gestiones que le estamos dando al planeta, que como dice un proverbio indígena "no lo heredamos de los abuelos, sino que se lo estamos administrando a nuestros hijos".

Me queda solo una pregunta. Los historiadores del futuro nos verán como una copia avanzada de los extraños habitantes de Rapa Nui, que teniendo el colapso ambiental de su isla en frente de las narices no supieron reaccionar a tiempo, o acaso nos verán como como los habitantes de Nueva Guinea. que resolvieron el problema con un enfoque de "abajo hacia arriba" (de la gente a las corporaciones).

¡"Amanecerá" y veremos! (y es amanecerá, es un amanecerá casi inmediato: ¡en 10 o 20 años lo sabremos!).

Si el Profesor Diamond se los pide (o sí son como niños que tienen que meter el dedo en la llama para probar el fuego), lean Colapso.

En caso contrario, no lo hagan: ¡hay muchos otros buenos textos esperándolos!
April 1,2025
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A book recommended to anyone who enjoyed The Overstory and who wants a non-fictional account of many of the ideas there.

Very detailed book by author of “Guns, Germs and Steel” – enjoyable and provocative, although very detailed and easiest to read simply cover-to-cover while trying to absorb the bigger picture.

Diamond’s big theme is to look at historical environmental induced societal collapse and to identify five main reasons that cause collapse (or its opposite). These are: damage that people inadvertently inflict on their environment; the impact of climate change (particularly sudden climate change as society may be adapted to very different conditions); hostile neighbours; decreased support by friendly neighbours (e.g. the collapse of trading partners); and most importantly societies own response to the environmental problems.

In a separate chapter on the latter he identifies reasons for inadequate responses as: failure to anticipate a problem (either because it had not happened before – or particularly in pre-literate societies because they have forgotten past occurrences, or because of misapplying analogies e.g. something that worked in a different situation); failure to perceive a problem has arisen (e.g. hidden problems or creeping issues – slow trends masked by fluctuations); irrational reactions even though a problem has been identified (groupthink, tragedy of the commons, clashes if interest, clinging to values which are no longer helpful).

Opening chapter is Diamond’s comments on the environmental problems in his own area of Montana – although I could understand that the point of this chapter was to place historical issues in modern terms I actually found little identification with this chapter. I also found the sections at the end on the role of business a little self serving (Diamond has been criticised by other environmentalists for attempting to engage with e.g. oil and mining companies).

He then considers a number of historical civilisation collapses: Easter Island (deforestation); Pitcairn and Henderson Islands (collapse of trading partners); the Native American Anasazi (environmental damage/population growth combined with climate change); Mayas (as for Anasazi although with hostile neighbours); Norse Greenland (a very detailed treatment where the failure of the Norse compared with the survival of the Inuit is due to all of the five factors).

He then considers some historical societies that succeeded (Iceland, New Guinea highlands, old Japan).

In each of these he draws parallels with the modern world and brings this together in a chapter at the end.

In the modern era he discusses the Rwandan tragedy, contrasts Dominican Republic and Haiti and then considers the developing situation in Australia and Japan.
April 1,2025
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I like the choice of the word "choose" in the sub-title. While the world collapses around us, too many Americans think our problems are abortion, prayer in school, terrorism, immigration, and a lot of other not-shit issues. Meanwhile we have completely ignored issues like renewable energy, sustainable cities, and mass transportation. We are going to make Easter Island and the Norse settlements in Greenland look like the most well thought out societies in history because, baby, when we go down, we are going down hard. And we are choosing to do so. I guess we are all too busy with "So You Think You Can Dance" to give much thought to our collective futures.
April 1,2025
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One of Cambridge Sustainability's Top 50 Books for Sustainability, as voted for by our alumni network of over 3,000 senior leaders from around the world. To find out more, click here.

Collapse examines various societies throughout history that have collapsed (Easter Island, Pitcairn, the Maya, Anasazi, the Vikings/Norse in Greenland) and compares these to societies that faced similar conditions and yet succeeded (Japan, New Guinea Highlands, the Vikings/Norse in Iceland). Diamond identifies five factors that define collapse or success.

Looking specifically at environmental impacts, Diamond identifies various forms of historical 'ecocide', including deforestation and habitat destruction, soil problems (erosion, salinisation and loss of soil fertility), water management problems, overhunting, overfishing, the effects of introduced species on native species, human population growth and increased per capita impact of people. There is evidence of all these dangers in modern society.

April 1,2025
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Citizen Diamond is clearly a middle-of-the-road centrist who thinks that both sides have good points - and thus aggravates me to no end. Which is a shame, as I truly enjoy most of his other books. Over and over again, he defends businesses, their practices, and the people who run them because "they exist to make money" and seems to believe that this excuses their actions because there is no other way that we could ever possibly get anything done without allowing someone to make money by exploiting the people underneath them and destroying everything around them. He also seems to be a champion of regulated capitalism and American democracy as the only way to get anything done because of the "failed experiment" of the Soviet Union.

You know, it's funny, no one says banks are a "failed experiment" when one of them fails. No one says capitalism is a "failed experiment" when some company goes out of business. No one says democracy is a "failed experiment" when a democratic nation is conquered or undergoes a revolution/civil war. Yet time and time again, Communism is absolutely a failed experiment to these people because one nation failed one time. Completely discounting the fact that the backwards, agrarian nobody that was Imperial Russia in 1914 became a Superpower is less than 50 years whilst suffering the devastation of two world wars. The USA only reaped benefits from WW1 and 2, and yet, the USSR gave us a run for our money. How was this "failed?"

But that's neither here not there.

Citizen Diamond believes that if we just were nice and all had long-term views and drank cocoa around fires with business leaders and government officials that everyone would suddenly act appropriately, we'd all learn we'd need to do less with less, and all live quiet, modest, peasant lifestyles. Citizen Diamond pushes the myth of scarcity, champions Malthusian population ideals, and decries the lifestyle of the average American, whilst completely defending the devastation caused by the lifestyles of the top 1%...who, you know, are just trying to make everyone money, so we should really get off their backs, because you know, money.

His research into past societal collapses is just fine, and he points out what they did wrong interestingly. You can learn a lot from the fall of the Norse in Greenland, or "Easter Island," or the Maya, or the "Anasazi." You can also read about failures and successes in the Polynesian sphere. However, when he comes to modern societies, he spends a little bit of time discussing China, and a lot of time discussing Australia. He, of course, says it's because Australia is a First-World Country - unlike China - which, wow, I mean, in the actual Cold War definition of the First-World, Second-World, Third-World terms, he is correct, but you can tell that he means it in the completely Euro-centric viewpoint. He seem to think that we can not sympathize with China as they are "alien foreigners" (my impression), even though he goes on to explain how Australians can only live in very large cities or very small towns, as there isn't the infrastructure or resources on the continent to supply a medium-sized city. As a resident of a "medium-sized city" in a nation full of medium-sized cities, I can't relate to that experience. I bet China's got a lot of those, however.

This was a shame, for as I've said, I really like most of his other works and agree with his viewpoints, but his apparent faith in the western/American way of life as the solution for the future for everyone everywhere (as long as we regulate it and educated ourselves and learn control - you know, all those things that are highly valued in America *he says with a note of sarcasm*) is extraordinarily disappointing. He even uses the example of the Dutch and their collective concern for each other because of their need to maintain their sea walls, lest they all drown - seeming to believe that Americans are just one campfire-cocoa-chat away from becoming perfect collectivists...
April 1,2025
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Ha sido un buen libro. Bien enfocado a explicar el concepto de un sistema social y economico cerrado como es el propio planeta tierra pero visto des de perspectivas de sociedades historicamente aisladas cuyas civilizaciones colapsaron por la mala gestión de sus propios recursos. Principalmente capítulos como la China actual me han dejado pensativo. Al final un país que ha basado su gran potencial económico en dos pilares: alta demografía con mano barata y gran acceso a recursos abaratiendo costes de gestión ambiental. Pero al final todo sistema colapsa y se explica claramente como una mala gestión ambiental puede llevar al colapso de tu propia fuente de ingresos! Un buen ejemplo es como la sobreexplotación forestal llevo a un incremento en la economía de una determinada región, pero la falta de cubierta vegetal en las laderas montañosas llevó a mayor erosion del suelo, sedimentación de ríos y consecuente menor calado, por lo que se perdió la capacidad de transporte fluvial en epocas de sequia, con un mucho mayor impacto en la industria y economia de esa misma región.

Al final del día, aunque vivamos en un mundo globalizado, no deja de ser un sistema cerrado con materia limitada. Algo parecido a lo que pudo pasar en civilizaciones aisladas como los Mayas o la isla de Pascua

Un abrazo todas mis #GatesLesbianes!
April 1,2025
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4.5 stars

A study on the collapse, near collapse or resurrection of eighteen different 'civilizations' that were in danger either due to environmental destruction and or lack of raw materials.

My favorite chapters and the most insightful were:

1. Rwanda's genocide - the war was in large part due to overpopulation

2. Pitcairn Islands - deforestation leads to inability to build seagoing boats to connect to other islands.

3. The Dominican Republic and Haiti - perhaps my favorite chapter explaining why the Dominican Republic per capita income is 5x that of Haiti. It involves a dictator who wanted to save the Dominican forests.

4. The Maya Collapses - overpopulation and rainfall differences between Mayan regions had a lot to do with who prospered and who collapsed.

5. Mining Australia - fascinating science behind why farming is so unsuccessful in Australia and it is not just lack of water.

I think Diamond is one of the most interesting non-fiction writers of the past thirty years.
April 1,2025
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کتاب فروپاشی، به بررسی این مسئله می‮پردازد که چگونه جوامع انسانی در اثر عوامل مختلف دچار انحطاط و فروپاشی می‮شوند.

این کتاب، تحقیقی در مورد سقوط و فروپاشی برخی از تمدن‌های برتر تاریخ جهان است. با اینکه جارد دایموند بخش عمده کتاب را به توضیح در مورد ‮دلایل نابودی تمدن‮های تاریخی مانند مایا و یا وایکنیگ‮ها اختصاص داده است، اما خط سیر کتاب فروپاشی، به گونه‮ای است که برخلاف سایر کتاب های تاریخی جرد دایموند نیست و نویسنده در این کتاب با نگاهی موشکافانه به بررسی عوامل سقوط جوامع پرداخته است؛ دلایلی که در ظاهر امر نمی‮توان آن را تشخیص داد و باید به عمقش نفوذ کرد.‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬
April 1,2025
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-Interesante pero insistente.-

Género. Ensayo.

Lo que nos cuenta. Aproximación a los fenómenos que marcan que unas sociedades hayan florecido y otras hayan terminado desapareciendo a lo largo de neustra historia, desde ópticas pertenecientes a distintas disciplinas y apoyado en situaciones bastante documentadas en su mayoría, además de abordar cuestiones de actualidad al respecto.

¿Quiere saber más de este libro, sin spoilers? Visite:

http://librosdeolethros.blogspot.com....
April 1,2025
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Five stars for the importance of the topic, three stars because it's so repetitive. I get it! We're all going to cannibalize each other. Well, maybe not us, personally, but likely our grandchildren or great-grandchildren.

Sigh.
April 1,2025
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In Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed Jared Diamond shows how environmental misuse destroyed many historical civilizations and continues to damage nations today.

Collapse discusses six major reasons why civilizations fall:

1- Human ecological impacts ➡ leads to changes in climate
2-A hostile neighbor
3- A friendly neighbor who backs away from the civilization
4- Unwilling to adapt
5- Deforestation ➡ soil erosion
6- Environmental hazards (flooding, loss of wood products, crop failures and other..)

Past examples can teach us how to improve our environment. For a long time, humans have been damaging the environment, yet we may learn from those who have gone before us and restore our ecosystem.

why ⭐⭐ !! this is the answer:

I was thinking that Diamond will write something like The Third Chimpanzee (5 ⭐) which i love it, but this one is like another chapter of Guns, Germs and Steel (3⭐) (and by definition i don't give a shit about Sociology).

I only read Sociology just to understand more Anthropology!!
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