Strindberg was already a renowned playwright in Sweden before writing “Miss Julie.” Like Henrik Ibsen in Norway, he crafted uncompromising dramas with modern settings, ordinary characters, and bold subject matter. His naturalistic philosophy is evident in the preface of the play, where he describes his characters as conglomerates of past and present civilizations. The play takes place in the kitchen of Miss Julie’s father’s country house on Midsummer’s Eve, a time when social barriers are slightly relaxed.
As the play begins, Christine, the cook, and Jean, the valet, discuss Miss Julie’s strange behavior since the end of her engagement. Jean reveals the reason for the breakup, which involves Miss Julie dehumanizing her fiancé. Julie seems to enjoy flirting with Jean, much to his caution. A crisis occurs when a group of peasants approach the kitchen, and Julie and Jean hide in his room. When they emerge, their relationship has progressed to consummation. However, their initial joy is soon replaced by fear as they realize the consequences of their actions.
The situation quickly turns ugly between Jean and Julie, with both using cruel words to attack each other. Strindberg’s ideas about Jean’s superiority as a man are evident in their exchanges. However, there are also indications that Jean is molded by his environment and may not be able to rise above his station as easily as he dreams. Meanwhile, Miss Julie reveals the turbulent family history that has influenced her contradictory behavior. In the end, a desperate Julie begs Jean for help, but it becomes clear that there is no future for her.
Looking back on Miss Julie’s fate, Strindberg reflects on the concept of catharsis, a purging of pity and fear for the audience. “Miss Julie” remains relevant today, having been filmed twice in recent years. Its singular dramatic intensity and the emotions it evokes continue to draw movie-making talent, despite its seemingly uncinematic qualities. Set on Midsummer’s Eve, the play is filled with the chill of a bleak emotional winter.