Originally published on my blog here in June 2005.
The introduction to this novel, the second in the Alexandria Quartet, offers a brief explanation of one of the structural ideas underlying the novels. I'm uncertain about the degree to which this is intended to be tongue in cheek. It's the kind of idea often seen in satires of intellectual writers who don't have a deep understanding of science. The explanation for a quartet of novels, where the first three cover the same events from different perspectives, is that they were inspired by the concept of spacetime, most famously used in Einstein's theory of relativity. The first three novels correspond to the space dimensions, and the fourth to time.
I particularly appreciate the way Balthazar is set up. The reason the narrator is persuaded to revisit the story of his affair with Justine is that after publishing his novel about the affair (the novel Justine), he received a packet of papers from his friend Balthazar. These papers essentially tore the novel apart, explaining that although things seemed a certain way to the writer, his view wasn't always entirely accurate. His passion for Justine made it difficult for him to read between the lines. This naturally leads to a re-examination of his memories, from which the novel Balthazar emerges. The narrator is compelled to discover the extent to which Justine truly loved him and what their friends, especially her husband, really thought about their relationship.
Since one of the interesting aspects of Justine is the way in which the woman serves as a symbol for the city of Alexandria, reassessing her and the affair is, for Durrell, a way of reassessing his view of the Egyptian port. At least, that's apparently the case. Of course, Durrell is fully aware of the ironies involved and is deliberately manipulating them. There are quite a few levels to the narrative, yet it reads very straightforwardly. This is particularly because the main interest in Balthazar lies in the change resulting from the narrator's altered feelings brought about by the letters that arose due to his fictional counterpart to the real novel Justine (and not forgetting that the real novel may not necessarily be identical to its fictional version), which he also narrated. However, it's not all meant to be taken seriously. Balthazar is also intended to entertain the reader. As an endpiece to this novel, like the notes that form Justine's afterword, Durrell includes some supposed quotations from the novelist character Pursewarden in a Wildean vein. Among them is a little barb aimed at those who take literature too seriously. This brings us full circle to the suggestion that there is something tongue in cheek about the theory of relativity being the inspiration for the structure of the four novels - just one detail from a thought-provoking novel.