The more accurate rating: 3.5
Getting to know the author
Salman Rushdie was not an unknown author who emerged from obscurity. Before writing "The Satanic Verses", he had written several other stories, the most important of which were "Midnight's Children" and "Shame", both translated by Mehdi Sahebi. "Midnight's Children" won two important awards, the Booker Prize and the James Tait Black Memorial Prize, in the same year of publication (1981), and twelve years later, it also won the Booker of Bookers Prize. After its Persian translation in 1985, it was selected as the best foreign novel of the Islamic Republic of Iran! In the story "Shame", the bitter past of Pakistan is traced through the past of a boy who does not know who his father is and whose mother and two sisters also raise him as his three real mothers at the same time. "Midnight's Children", however, has a more postcolonial space: children who are born at midnight and therefore each have a magical power and embrace the historical narrative from the independence of India and Pakistan to the dark era of Indira Gandhi. Rushdie's style (magic realism) seems to me very suitable for conveying the postcolonial content of his works.
Getting to know the book; this part completely reveals some parts of the story
"The Satanic Verses", contrary to what you may have heard, also has a postcolonial content, but not in a way that would be pleasing to the Islamists (and the Muslim community). The comical-tragic content of the story is nourished by the duality of the devastated West and the secluded Islam. The cultural background of the book is of course more familiar to the Indians, but the triangle that was revealed to me was the triangle of India, Islam, and the West. Of course, the book is an offensive book according to Muslim standards, but its content cannot be reduced to an insult (like an offensive caricature). In short, the book was a claim of free expression that the West wants to make India an animal and Islam wants to make India crazy, and the path of India is nothing but these two. I don't know if such a statement seems "deadly" to you or not. I will return to this topic in the next section, but for now, I want to reconstruct the story, which also has a fluid and imaginative style, from my own perspective for you.
The story revolves around two main characters: Salahuddin Chamcha, who is a clear reflection of Salman Rushdie's own life, and Gibreel Farishta, whose name and family are those of a Bollywood star. The former is inclined towards the West and the latter towards Islam. In the magical journey of the story, Gibreel, who plays seventy roles, appears as various characters in the long and wide chronology of history, from the historical Gibreel to this actor.
Gibreel appears as a divine angel to three religious characters in the book: to "Mahound" (or the Prophet), to "the Imam" (Khomeini), and to "Ayesha", a girl who claims to be a prophet in one of the villages of India. The face of none of them is black and offensive except for the Imam. Mahound is very similar to the historical Muhammad, more or less as narrated by the Sunnis and Islamic scholars. One of the events that angered many Muslims was the event of "The Satanic Verses": that among the verses that the Prophet receives from Gibreel (in Surah An-Najm), he also receives and announces a few verses in support of the idols, but later realizes that those verses were satanic inspirations, not divine revelations. But it is interesting to know that this event is not fabricated by Rushdie, but something that is mentioned as the story of "The Cranes" in some reliable history and biography books, including Tafsir Al-Munthir, Sahih al-Bukhari, and Tarikh al-Tabari, and verses 52-53 of Surah Al-Hajj also refer to this event. After that, the image of the Prophet until the conquest of Mecca is a peaceful one. After the conquest of Mecca, the story is narrated from the side of Salman. Salman, who is tired of the multiplicity of Islamic laws and doubts it. Salman, who has more in common with the author than his name: his doubt.
He comes. He goes up the mountain of Hira until he reaches the cave. Happy birthday. Today he has turned forty and forty-four, but although the city that is spread out behind and beneath him is full of turmoil and the noise of celebration and joy, he still goes up the mountain alone. Because of his birthday, he has put on new clothes. His new clothes are clean and neatly placed under his bed, because he is a pious man. (What kind of strange and curious merchant is this?)
Question: What is the opposite of faith?
It is not disbelief. Because disbelief is more absolute and Muslim than that. Disbelief is a kind of faith in itself.
Doubt
Ayesha is also a woman who, centuries later, claims prophethood in a Muslim-inhabited village, takes many people with her, and finally, in order to enter Mecca like Moses through the sea, takes everyone with her into the water and drowns them. Only the Imam has a uniformly black image. Someone who, although he has risen against injustice, is also unjust himself, and in a terrifying image, his external condition changes, and he rides Gibreel from Paris to Tehran to witness his victory and finally kisses the hand of his servant.
On the other hand, Salahuddin is inclined towards the West from the beginning. He goes to England, the paradise of the Indians. He enters London from school, which he always dreamed of, but he is insulted and learns to insult.
He had just started school when one day during breakfast, he saw a kind of smoked fish in his plate and, as he was sitting on the chair, he was fascinated by it. He didn't know where to start with the fish. Finally, he put a piece of it in his mouth. It was full of small bones. Everyone took it out of his mouth. But the next piece was the same. He endured the pain in silence and his classmates watched him. Even none of them said let him give a sign of how to eat the fish. It took ninety minutes for him to eat all the fish. He was not allowed to get up from behind his desk until he finished. At the end, his body had started to tremble and if he could, he would have definitely cried. At that time, it occurred to him that he had learned an important lesson: England was a smoked fish that had a special taste and many bones, and no one had ever taught him how to eat it.
Salahuddin's experience with the West is uniformly one of insult. Because of the difficulty of his name, Salahuddin, they call him Saladin, and he also accepts this name. His wife, Pamela, is disgusted with his tireless efforts to be English and finally leaves him. In the end, he becomes a professional double, someone who can perfectly imitate the voice of a Yorkshireman or a Conservative pea, but his face is never seen; because it is not suitable to be seen. Saladin returns to India for a while. There he meets a lawyer named Zeenat. Zeenat clearly takes his insult out on him. But Saladin falls in love with Zeenat. Despite all this, his love for London is still greater. So he leaves her and returns. On the way back, their plane crashes, and he and Gibreel Farishta are the only passengers who miraculously survive and land in England (the book itself starts from this crash). The police find Saladin, but he, who has been a citizen of England for a long time but his Indian face never testifies to this, and now, after this crash and survival, he has no documents to enter as an illegal immigrant. The encounter he has with Saladin in Wren is one of the most shocking scenes, his insult is such that it changes his nature into a goat. A goat that spends its days among other animals, other countless immigrants from other countries.
After many turns, finally, the story of Salahuddin and Gibreel comes together again: Gibreel after his permanent residence in the history of Islam and Salahuddin after his permanent residence in the heart of the West: Gibreel, who has gone crazy and finally kills himself, and Salahuddin, who witnesses this suicide, is only then able to return to India.
Gibreel Farishta said calmly: "A long time ago, I told you that if I knew this disease would not go away easily and would always come back, I couldn't bear it." Quickly, before Salahuddin could react, he put the gun in his mouth and pulled the trigger..
Gibreel was free
He was standing by the window and looking out. The full moon was shining. He shook his head. His childhood was over. Understand! Let the old men come. If the old ones rise from the dead, the new ones cannot be born
The voice of Zeenat, the lawyer, came from behind him: "Come on, let's go." As if despite all his mistakes, mischiefs, and sins, he was given another chance. Yes, this time he had been given a chance. Zeenat said: "Come on, let's go to my house."
Salahuddin turned to her and said: "Let's go."
Blood and pen: this part is not a "political" writing
The book "The Satanic Verses" was published in English in 1988. Less than a year later, before any translation of this book into Persian or even Arabic was published, Ayatollah Khomeini's fatwa was published as follows: "I inform the Muslims of the world that the author of the book "The Satanic Verses", which has been written, published, and distributed against Islam, the Prophet, and the Quran, as well as its publishers who are aware of its content, are sentenced to death. I ask the Muslims of the world that wherever they find them, they should quickly execute them so that no one else dares to insult the Muslim sanctities, and whoever is killed in this way is a martyr, God willing."... Even after Ayatollah Khamenei (the Friday Prayer Imam at the time) said that if Salman Rushdie "repents, writes a book, says I was wrong, asks for forgiveness from the Muslims of the world, from the Imam of the nation, says I made a mistake, the book is not mine, of course, in this case, perhaps the people will forgive his sin," Ayatollah Khomeini stated in his next message that "if Salman Rushdie repents and becomes pious, it is the duty of every Muslim to use all his efforts with his life and property to bring him to the right path."
This ruling is of course a naked and pitiful spot in the Shiite jurisprudence program that, as a result of the zeitgeist and to avoid the protests of the Muslims of India and Pakistan, suddenly answers a book (albeit an insulting one) with the threat of the blood of the author and publisher. But perhaps more pitiful than this were the people of the pen who, to show their religious faith or political loyalty (I hope it was the latter), instead of or along with criticizing the book, held the terrible event that happened to the author after this ruling as a rock. Before examining two sample parts of the introduction to "The Satanic Verses", read Wikipedia to see what the consequences of that ruling were.
After Ayatollah Khomeini's order to kill Salman Rushdie, some people came forward to carry out this ruling, including Mustafa Mazeh, a young Lebanese who was able to enter the hotel where Salman Rushdie was staying with a French passport before anyone else, but on the day of the incident, he missed his target due to the premature explosion of the bomb he had planted to kill Rushdie and was killed. The book was gradually banned in Kony, Thailand, Tanzania, Indonesia, Singapore, and finally Venezuela. In 1991, the Japanese translator of "The Satanic Verses", Hitoshi Igarashi, was killed in Tokyo with a machete attack, and the Italian translator of the book was also attacked in Milan. In 1993, the Norwegian publisher of the book was the target of an armed attack. In the same year, Aziz Nesin, the Turkish translator of the book, was attacked in a hotel in the city of Sivas. Although Nesin was able to escape from the hotel, 33 people were killed in the fire that followed the burning of the hotel. This event is known as the Sivas Massacre. The "Nima" publishing house, which had published the Persian translation of this book, was burned down, and Nima Nematy, the manager of these publications, was threatened many times. The editor-in-chief of the magazine "Khalq" in Sulaymaniyah, who had published a part of the translated text of this book in 2010, was the target of an armed attack. The editor-in-chief survived this incident, but Beramak Bahadad, the translator of the book, has been in hiding since then, while a number of clerics in Sulaymaniyah and Arbil have issued a fatwa for his execution.
During all this time, the author of the book (according to himself in one of his interviews) lived a hidden life, many airlines refused to sell him a ticket out of fear of terrorism, and the Scottish police were with him all the time. This hardship and the irony of some of our cultural figures were a source of laughter for some, as if to show that the staff of God is silent. For example, in a short story by Attaollah Mohajerani, "The Chess Horse", which was published in the magazine "Kolk" in Esfand 1374 (and later in the preface to the book Critique of the Apology of The Satanic Verses), he refers to this reality with sarcasm that the author has been imprisoned in a room in a hotel for a long time and the police are always behind his door, and he has locked the door with seven locks, his wife has divorced him, and he has no friends anymore, and even his wife has left him because everyone is afraid that they will also be killed because of that ruling. I don't know what Mohajerani, who is now also a "writer" who flees to the West out of fear of imprisonment and loneliness, thinks about those sarcasms in his privacy.
But Mohajerani was not the only one who made fun of this fear and loneliness. Reza Amir-Khani also took the same approach in a writing called "Ana Li La Hafizon, A Critique of the Book The Satanic Verses" (which is still available on his website). In one part of the writing, Amir-Khani intends to read some of the consequences of the Imam's fatwa. In his opinion, "the most cowardly thing was the apology of Rushdie himself, because he, like a child, begged for forgiveness. The most political thing was the simultaneous exit of all the European travelers in protest against the fatwa. And the worst consequence was the insecurity for those who insulted the Islamic sanctities."... Yes, Rushdie's apology to get rid of the unknown shadow of death, which he does not consider himself worthy of, is "cowardly" and childish for our young writer.
Among all these emotional criticisms that have dedicated an important part of their joy and sorrow to justifying the death sentence of a writer, but, curiously, no one has asked this question: Did Ayatollah Khomeini read the book before issuing the ruling of the writer's apostasy?