Rousseau's view on society is distinct. He doesn't envision it being upheld by the might of the dominant. Instead, he emphasizes the association of individual forces, which is crucial for maintaining social cohesion. He firmly believes that force doesn't equate to right. In his opinion, all members of society must accept laws and principles that are for the good of all.

According to Rousseau, the body politic consists of free individuals who are autonomous and equal in law. These individuals directly participate in state affairs and form the sovereign people. However, he remains suspicious of the executive. He leans more towards federalism, believing that in both cases, they should not be interdependent. This is a significant difference between him and Montesquieu. While Montesquieu advocates for national sovereignty, Rousseau champions popular sovereignty.

This divergence in their ideas has had a profound impact on the development of political thought and the understanding of the relationship between individuals and the state.

"Cuanto más crece el Estado, más disminuye la libertad."

This thought-provoking statement by Jean Jacques Rousseau highlights an important aspect of the relationship between the state and individual freedom. As the state expands and its power grows, there is a tendency for personal liberties to be restricted.

"El gobierno, para ser bueno, debe ser relativamente más fuerte a medida que el pueblo es más numeroso."

Rousseau also argues that a good government should become relatively stronger as the population increases. This implies that a larger society requires a more powerful governing body to maintain order and ensure the well-being of its citizens.

"Cuanto más numerosos son los magistrados, más débil es el gobierno."

Interestingly, Rousseau suggests that an increase in the number of magistrates leads to a weaker government. This may be because a larger number of officials can lead to inefficiencies, power struggles, and a dilution of authority.

"La resolución de los asuntos se vuelve más lenta a medida que se encarga de ellos mayor número de personas."

Furthermore, Rousseau observes that the more people are involved in handling affairs, the slower the resolution process becomes. This could be due to differences in opinions, communication difficulties, and the need for consensus-building.

"La relación de los magistrados con el gobierno debe ser inversa a la relación de los súbditos con el soberano."

Finally, Rousseau posits that the relationship between magistrates and the government should be the opposite of that between subjects and the sovereign. This means that magistrates should have a more limited and subservient role compared to the people's relationship with the overall governing authority.

Overall, Rousseau's ideas presented in this text offer valuable insights into the nature of politics and the complex interplay between the state, government, magistrates, and the people. They serve as a reminder of the importance of balancing power and safeguarding individual freedoms in a democratic society.