What Paton has accomplished is truly remarkable. He begins by presenting the black side of apartheid. In the story's timeline, the blacks have already been segregated into bantustans, which are essentially reservations or "homelands" carved out of some of the poorest land in the nation. They have been evicted from their homes and herded into overcrowded, resource-poor areas. Many have fled to the cities in search of a better life, but they mostly encounter crowded conditions that drive them to desperation, loose morals, and crime. Those who remain in the bantustans struggle to maintain their faith and identities while working the land against all odds.
However, Paton doesn't stop there. He then gives us a glimpse into the white side of apartheid, exploring the reasons why it was desirable for some, the racism, anger, and fear that prevailed, and also the perspective of the compassionate reformers. It is through an essay written by his son that Jarvis, the main white character, we gain a very clear understanding of what the whites have done to create the unjust conditions for the blacks and why they must change their policies.
In this way, we are presented with examples of the problems the blacks are facing, and then we are provided with the backstory of how and why these conditions came about, putting the struggles into context. It's quite a feat to achieve this without making us feel like we are reading a history book.
Every character in the book is beautifully and clearly drawn. From the Zulu pastor Kumalo to Msimangu, the priest who assists him in Johannesburg, the landlady, the corrupt but charismatic brother, and even the lawyer who takes the case of the pastor's son "for God."
Jarvis's compassion, awakened by his son's work that he only discovered after his murder, feels deep and genuine, and is exquisitely crafted. Paton's writing is deliberate and simple, which suits the story perfectly. There is no excessive pathos in the language, which keeps the reader objective. I loved many aspects of this book.