The Scarlet Letter is one of the most renowned American classics. It tells a tale of sin, shame, and punishment, as well as the contrast between individual redemption and social damnation. The story of Esther Prynne, who was forced by her puritan community to wear a scarlet A on her bosom to signify her adultery, is presented through the trope of a found manuscript. The mystery of her life and sufferings unfolds, leading to a final drama.
This novel was Hawthorne's first major work. Although his tone in the text sometimes shows false modesty, it's clear that he didn't fully grasp the magnitude of his work at the time. The book, which is now a staple in high school curriculums, is based on historical events, but serves mainly as a pretext for Hawthorne to create a symbol and build a metaphor for a judgmental, self-righteous, bigoted, hypocritical, and scapegoating society.
While much has been written about The Scarlet Letter, I have a personal distaste for the author's writing style. However, I feel a sense of closeness to Esther's character, which I attribute to the author's ability to create a relatable and universal character. I wonder if it's still worth having students study this book today. While it can feel contemporary in some ways, its style and somewhat outdated nature may make it difficult for young people to understand and appreciate. Instead, it might be better to talk to them about the book and explain it in a more explicit way, allowing them to choose to read the original text when they're older. In conclusion, The Scarlet Letter is a classic that made history, but it may not be easily appreciated by today's teens.
I would like to stop at the central episode of the novel to note a detail that escaped me upon the first reading.
Everyone knows that Hester Prynne was condemned to wear a red letter on her garment, for all to see the sin she committed: A for "adulteress".
Probably far fewer readers have noticed, due to a rather obscure passage, the fact that the pastor Arthur Dimmesdale himself bears the stigma, but not openly, but inscribed on his body. When, at the end of the book, the pastor publicly confesses his sin (the relationship with Hester), we read these sentences that surprised me by their ambiguity. Here they are:
“This mark, the man [Dimmesdale, of course, n.m.] bore upon him! The eye of his God saw it! The angels pointed to it constantly with their fingers! The devil knew it well and gnawed it unceasingly with his burning fang! But he hid it craftily... Now, in the hour of death, behold him before you! He asks you to look again at the scarlet letter of Hester! Is there any among you who would doubt the judgment of the Lord upon a sinner? Look! Look at her terrible testimony!
And with a convulsive gesture, he opened his priestly garment at the breast. Then, the revelation was completed!... For a moment, the horrified eyes of the crowd were concentrated upon the awful miracle, while the pastor stood upright like a man who, in an access of extreme pain, had won a victory. Then he fell upon the platform (pp.243-244).”
The ambiguity remains until the end. We don't know, we will never know if the stigmatizing letter appeared on the pastor's body through a divine/devilish miracle, or if the pastor himself inscribed the shameful letter with a red-hot iron.
Searching through books to see what others have said, I found in the 2003 volume of Susan Wise Bauer, The Well-educated Mind: A Guide to the Classical Education You Never Had, a statement that reinforces the idea that the letter of sin formed by itself: Dimmesdale “rips open his shirt to reveal a bizarre stigmata (an A which has formed itself on the flesh of his chest), and then dies” (p.91).
Of course, The Scarlet Letter is not among my favorite books... I didn't like this novel very much. Its plot is rather improbable. I don't share the Puritan view of destiny understood as implacable fate. The individual no longer has free will. I can't fully sympathize with poor Hester Prynne either. I don't understand the passivity with which she accepts the blows of fate. Surely, in the 17th century, almost everyone accepted resignedly the decisions of Providence...
The story of Hester Prynne is a shameful yet courageous one. Abandoned first by her husband and then by the father of her child, she endures poverty and the punishment of society alone. Standing on a scaffold, facing a puritan crowd, she is branded an adulteress for giving birth out of wedlock. Refusing to name the father, she is forced to wear the letter A on her chest as a constant reminder of her disgrace.
Despite the hardships, Hester turns to her talent of needlecraft to feed her child. She makes beautiful gowns, coats, and adornments for the wealthy, learning to navigate a society that shuns her. Ironically, the Scarlet Letter A, which was meant to be a symbol of punishment, becomes a badge of courage and survival. Her reputation already in tatters, she has no boundaries in her business, and even the wealthy and disreputable seek her services.
The Scarlet Letter is a powerful novel that explores themes such as adultery, sin, religion, and redemption in a puritan society. It is both a tragedy and a triumph, exposing the hypocrisy and indecency of the times. Although it is described as a romance novel, there is little talk of love. Instead, it is a story of a woman's determination to turn her fate and fortunes in her favor, a timeless classic that continues to resonate with readers today.