The Rebel is Camus' profound philosophical essay that delves into the complex and thought-provoking themes of rebellion, revolt, and revolution.

Although it is both interesting and intellectually stimulating, it is by no means an easy read. One truly has to focus intently on the content and approach it with an open and receptive mind.

This is not my first encounter with Camus' works, as I have previously read The Stranger and The Myth Of Sisyphus. Similar to those books, Camus once again explores the concept of the absurd and the overarching theme of existentialism.

This particular book has the power to make one's mind turn to concepts that have never before been considered, and it is remarkably easy to become completely immersed in Camus' masterful writing.

Camus dedicated a significant amount of time to deliberating over the contents of this book, and this is evident in the remarkable depth of his writing. Reading Camus is like being granted a privileged access to the intricate workings of a deeply intellectual and philosophical mind.

It offers a unique and challenging perspective on human nature, society, and the pursuit of meaning in an often chaotic and absurd world.

Overall, The Rebel is a must-read for anyone interested in philosophy, literature, or the exploration of the human condition.

It forces us to question our assumptions, beliefs, and values, and to consider the possibilities and consequences of rebellion and revolution.

Camus' writing is both engaging and profound, and it has the ability to leave a lasting impact on the reader's mind and soul.

Whether you agree or disagree with his ideas, there is no denying the importance and significance of The Rebel in the canon of modern philosophy and literature.

I usually don't have a penchant for reading philosophical texts.

Whenever I attempt to do so, by the time I reach the bottom of a page, I have already forgotten what was written on it.

However, Camus is an entirely different story.

He has a unique way of explaining the world and the works of other philosophers, a way that makes everything he and others have said crystal clear.

The Rebel is an absolutely brilliant piece of work.

It elucidates half of all the classics ever penned, ranging from Dostoevsky to Sade or Lautréamont, and also delves into the works of numerous philosophers such as Hegel, Nietzsche, or Marx.

I have read Camus's novels The Outsider and The Plague, which are both well-written and easily comprehensible.

Nevertheless, neither of them can compare to the outstanding nature of The Rebel.

This remarkable man truly deserved to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, and it is a great pity that he passed away at such a young age.

His works will continue to inspire and enlighten generations to come.

The book was difficult...

In the evening, the great and amazing work accomplished by the author was revealed. It was discovered that the book had become quite remarkable for those times.

The book is a combination of studies, analyses, and historical investigations from beginning to end.

It contains a wealth of information and insights that make it a valuable resource for readers interested in the subject matter.

The author's research and writing skills are evident throughout the text, which is engaging and well-written.

Overall, the book is a significant contribution to the field and is sure to be of interest to a wide range of readers.

A powerful book that shows how far Camus was willing to deepen his view of the world.

Although he failed to reach it, he made a huge journey in his search and perhaps would have come closer if he had not left so early.

From this book, I extracted a considerable part about the discussion that Camus conducts on Marxism, which is valid throughout the book, and placed it on the blog titled:

"Camus on the scientific hypothesis of Marx".

https://virtual-illusion.blogspot.com... This book serves as a testament to Camus' intellectual rigor and his unwavering commitment to exploring the complex and often controversial ideas that shape our understanding of the world.

His analysis of Marxism is particularly thought-provoking, as he challenges some of the fundamental assumptions and dogmas of this influential ideology.

By presenting his own perspective and engaging in a lively debate with Marx's ideas, Camus invites us to question our own beliefs and to consider alternative ways of thinking about society, politics, and human nature.

Overall, this book is a must-read for anyone interested in philosophy, politics, or the history of ideas.

I read "The Myth of Sisyphus"! It is the most difficult book to understand that has ever fallen into my hands. I really liked it,

after the initial shock and getting used to the idea that I wouldn't understand everything, and even a smaller percentage was left for comprehension.

Camus makes incredible parallels and every page is full of encyclopedic knowledge that is not presented as a simple listing of facts about thinkers, works, schools, trends in philosophy, fine arts, music, mathematics, and in general any sphere of human knowledge you can think of. The information is processed, compressed, I would say, and presented in a convoluted way through the prism of Camus' thoughts. The information here is not presented for its own sake, it is a means that intoxicates even more.

I recommend the book to everyone, but I also warn that if you are not hardened in this kind of philosophical essay, there is a high probability that you will feel quite stupid while reading this work. I have read a lot of philosophy from Ancient Rome to the present day, but this was definitely my greatest challenge. Whoever decides to take it on, good luck! :D

I think it is one of the best and most wonderful books that talk about the topic of rebellion and its analysis in Western philosophy and history. I also think that the translator has made extraordinary efforts. At the time when the book was published with another extremely bad translation, it was impossible to understand anything from it.

There are two remarks:

Camus, in his review and analysis of the thought of rebellion in Western civilization, was good and very accurate, and had a remarkable vision. However, the historical analysis based only on philosophy may lack accuracy. That is to say, revolutions, movements of resistance and rebellion are not only driven by ideas, but mainly by social and economic conditions. He overlooked this aspect a little, so he presented us with a history based only on philosophy. Sometimes, the description follows the reality, not the reality follows the description.

The other remark is that although of his accuracy and the strength of his vision in analyzing rebellion in Western thought, the project he presents at the end of the book is completely flawed. He reviewed rebellion throughout the book and how it evolves from nihilism to the denial of God and life to the deification of man to terrorism. And at the end of the book, he tries to attribute rebellion to paganism while denying the deification of man that leads to terrorism. That is, when rebellion is against God, man puts himself in the place of God and then has the right to kill in order to achieve a certain goal. Camus, of course, insists on denying religion and the afterlife. However, he denies the deification of man, and I think he did not succeed in that. The deification of man is the natural result of rebellion and absurdity, and without the idea of the afterlife, it is impossible to face absurdity at all in any way.

La créature doit avoir une joie et, quand elle n'a pas de joie, il lui faut une créature.
Creatures are in need of joy. When joy is absent, they require something or someone to bring it back.

Ceux qui refusent la souffrance d'être et de mourir veulent alors dominer.
Those who reject the suffering of being and dying then seek to dominate.

La solitude, c'est le pouvoir.
Solitude is power.

Le nihilisme, s'il n'est pas, essaie d'être ; et cela suffit à déserter le monde.
Nihilism, if it doesn't exist, tries to come into being; and this is enough to desert the world.

Cette fureur a donné à notre temps son visage repoussant. La terre
de l'humanisme est devenue terre inhumaine. Mais ce temps
est le nôtre, et comment le renier?
This fury has given our time its repulsive face. The land of humanism has become an inhuman land. But this time is ours, and how can we renounce it?

Si notre histoire est notre enfer, nous ne saurions en détourner la face.
If our history is our hell, we cannot turn away from it.

Dans l'extrémité d'une lutte à mort où la folie du siècle mêle indistinctement les hommes, l'ennemi reste le frère ennemi. Même dénoncé dans ses erreurs, il ne peut être ni méprisé, ni haï :
In the extremity of a fight to the death where the madness of the century mingles men indistinctly, the enemy remains the enemy brother. Even denounced in his errors, he cannot be despised or hated.

Le malheur est aujourd'hui la patrie commune, le seul royaume terrestre qui ait répondu à la promesse.
Misfortune is today the common homeland, the only earthly kingdom that has answered the promise.

La nostalgie du repos et de la paix doit elle-même être repoussée ; elle coïncide avec l'acceptation de l'iniquité. Ceux qui pleurent après les sociétés heureuses qu'ils rencontrent dans l'histoire avouent ce qu'ils désirent : non pas l'allégement de la misère
The nostalgia for rest and peace must itself be rejected; it coincides with the acceptance of injustice. Those who weep for the happy societies they encounter in history admit what they desire: not the alleviation of misery.

L'avenir ne peut se prévoir et il se peut que la renaissance soit impossible. Quoique la dialectique historique soit fausse et criminelle, le monde, après tout, peut se réaliser dans le crime, suivant une idée fausse. Simplement, cette sorte de résignation est refusée ici : il faut parier pour la renaissance.
The future cannot be predicted and it is possible that the renaissance is impossible. Although the historical dialectic is false and criminal, the world can, after all, be realized in crime, following a false idea. Simply, this kind of resignation is refused here: one must bet on the renaissance.

This book is extremely dense.

It is the kind of literary work that demands your full concentration in order to be understood.

To truly appreciate and grasp its contents, it is best to read it in a quiet place where distractions are minimal.

Moreover, having some knowledge of French history can be a great advantage as it provides additional context and enhances the reading experience.

Despite its density and the need for background knowledge, this book is highly enlightening intellectually.

It challenges the reader's mind and offers valuable insights and perspectives that can expand one's understanding of various topics.

Overall, it is a worthwhile read for those who are willing to put in the effort and engage with the material on a deeper level.

Camus provides an answer in this work to "The Myth of Sisyphus" (1942), published just after World War II in 1951. An earlier dense work with aphoristic quotability.

In the myth of Sisyphus, Camus installed his methodical doubt, resulting in the absurd and the absurd hero. A normative answer to the nihilisms of his time. Exemplary thinking of existentialism.

Whereas in Sisyphus it is a bearable affirmation or yes-saying of the inevitable suffering - the rock block always rolls downwards - here it is about the history of the resolute and rebellious No. No against Ideas, no against the State. The No here is an answer to the nihilisms of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In content and also surely in style, this vitalistically continues Nietzsche's cultural analysis.

However, Camus' criticism of revolt lies in the following. The great revolutions of the past 200 years - from the French to the October Revolution - did not end in utopian new world orders but also resulted in stagnation with new nihilisms. The great revolutions like the Russian October Revolution spiraled into endless bloodshed. Here, the blind spot of 20th-century great ideologies is often the internal nihilism, causing it to decline decadently without upholding the moral goal of the initial revolt. There is no longer any awareness of the contradictions.

However, Camus himself continues to do this last thing, and his question is how, as radically free, man can continue to resist without succumbing to his own cynicism due to these historical events. A first step is criticism of the historical determinism or historicism that he saw in Marx and the communists of his intellectual circles. There is no internal logic, but freedom exists, and responsibility must be taken.

The starting point of man in Revolt is a No against political stagnation and the accompanying cynical nihilism, and a Yes against the perseverance of certain moral values. For this, Camus constantly uses examples from the arts and rebellious writers such as De Sade or Breton. In the dangerous creation, a revolt is made beside - but not under or above - political activism.

In that sense, it is very similar in design to Peter Sloterdijk's "Critique of Cynical Reason" 30 years later. Where cynicism is also curbed by beauty and creations.

The cover of my edition in the yellow series of the Bezige Bij thus very appropriately shows a rock block shattered into pieces. Beyond Sisyphus.

In The Rebel, Albert Camus, the renowned master of existentialism, meticulously analyzed the spirit of rebellion spanning from the French Revolution to the Russian Revolution. The Jacobins, in their rebellion against the King and God, made their principles divine, which unfortunately led to the Reign of Terror.

Nihilism took things a step further by eliminating absolute principles. Its rise in the second half of the nineteenth century gave birth to terrorists who renounced virtue and principles. They rebelled against reality and history by destroying them. From the killing of gods to the killing of kings, rebellions have unfortunately ushered in the terrors of Hitler and then of Stalin. The Soviets, in the name of the classless society in the future, a new heaven and a new earth where the lamb and the lion coexist, justified violence to guide the path of civilization and force the end of history, the Marxist utopia.

Camus astutely stated that absolute freedom leads to injustice and absolute justice stifles freedom. He demonstrated this with vivid examples from the French Revolution to the Russian Revolution. And he firmly believed that only through moderation, by limiting freedom with justice and vice versa, could a possible solution emerge.

Events in the past several decades have strikingly shown that his statement remains highly relevant in our time. From Timothy McVeigh to Al Qaeda to Anders Behring Breivik, we have witnessed terrorists kill in the name of their freedom, their so-called absolute freedom, and of justice, their warped notion of absolute justice.

During the Arab Spring, rebels from various countries valiantly fought against tyranny and toppled decades-old regimes to assert their freedom. But now the question remains: having achieved their freedom, how will they proceed?

Dear friends, perhaps it can be said that this book is the most complex and of course one of the most valuable living works of Albert Camus.

This book consists of five chapters and approximately 33 sections. The most important issues that Albert Camus has dealt with are as follows: the rebellious man - metaphysical rebellions - not being absurd - historical rebellions - terror - individual terrorism - killing - state terrorism - intellectual terror - rebellions and revolutions - historical homicide - not being absurd
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Dear ones, the "rebellious man" is someone who is under the rule and command of others and has always been "yes" in response... but suddenly he feels that he has been overly tortured in his right. Therefore, instead of using the word "yes" and acting according to this word, he now says "no" and rebels... He has been silent all this time and has accepted a situation to which he has hopelessly submitted, although he has endured it painfully... Choosing to be silent means that you have a belief and an ideology and you have not asked for anything and you have nothing to say
The rebellious man suddenly shouts out his protest and wants to be treated humanely... He has now become aware and knows that respecting himself is more valuable than anything else
The rebellious man rebels to achieve freedom, but he has also bought death as the last resort. Because he knows: standing and dying is better than living on one's knees
The rebellion of rebellious people is not only one of the forms of imagining, but also supports the truth of reality. And if this kind of rebellion and revolution wants to move history forward and stop the severity of human sufferings, it can achieve this without terror and perhaps with violence... The rebellious man no longer accepts any principle that has been determined for him in advance and that has forced him to blindly accept it.. either freedom and equality, or nothing
We should not consider every uprising and rebellion as the result of wisdom
Today, none of the forms of wisdom can claim to give you more than this. Revolution and rebellion fall into an unbearable fatigue with mischief, and every time from mischief, a new incentive is created for itself... Man can rule over himself as much as he should and correct and revise what is worthy of correction in the world... But after that, children will again suffer terribly in society. Man, even with his greatest efforts, can only reduce the hardships and sufferings of the world in terms of quantity. But the injustice and suffering of the world will still remain and no matter how limited it is, it will still be inhumane
Various religions and beliefs have induced people to have faith and belief and wait for a day that is not clear when it will be for the oppressors and evildoers to meet their fate... In this empty and useless expectation of people, the weak and innocent are still dying. The consequences of mischief and evil in these decades have not decreased in the world.. no heaven and no kingdom and no resurrection has also become a reality and is still in the branch of unwise superstitions
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Man is the only living being who does not want to accept what he is
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For a human being who loves humanity and has real compassion and mercy towards humanity, there is no refuge and salvation
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Honor is hidden in obedience that has become one with a crime.. The military law compensates for the disobedience of an order with execution, and the honor of that is in serving.. When everyone has become military, whoever does not kill another according to the order is considered a criminal
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Dear ones and wise friends, I wanted to write more about this subject, but I am out of the courage of this review and the review becomes tiring
I hope this review has been sufficient and useful for you, wise friends
Be victorious and be Iranian

It has become patently clear that I am in dire need of delving into the works of Nietzsche and Hegel, despite my initial reluctance.

Thankfully, a significant portion of the other commentary makes references to Milton, Dostoevsky, and Marx, with whom I am far more acquainted.

Given the current state of affairs in the world today, it seems of utmost importance to fathom the direct connection between nihilism and fascism, as well as the practical snares of communism.

Camus' analysis has been enlightening in several respects, and I am convinced that upon a second reading of this book, I will glean even more profound insights.

It is essential to expand our knowledge and understanding of these complex philosophical ideas to better navigate the challenges and uncertainties that lie ahead.

By engaging with the works of these great thinkers, we can gain a deeper perspective on the human condition and the various ideologies that have shaped our world.

This will enable us to make more informed decisions and contribute to the ongoing dialogue about the future of our society.